University:
College
Course:
Medical Laboratory Science
Academic year:

2023
Views:

56

Pages:

1
Author:

Carlo M.

ANALYSIS OF URINE AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS LABORATORY PREGNANCY TEST PROCEDURE OUTLINE • • • Introduction Pregnancy Test o Principle o Materials o Procedure o Results of the Test/s The procedure will depend on Manufacturer’s Manual / Instruction Manual / User Guide. RESULTS OF THE TEST/S INTRODUCTION • Pregnancy tests are based on the presence of hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the urine of pregnant women. This hormone is a glycoprotein secreted by the placental trophoblast. Its antigenic property made possible the development of the immunologic pregnancy test which is more convenient than any of the biological tests. PREGNANCY TEST PRINCIPLE IMMUNOASSAYS • • Principle: Detection of hCG using monoclonal antibodies. Methods o Agglutination Immunoassays – direct or agglutination inhibition o Competitive Radioimmunoassay ▪ Principle: serum hCG and the radiolabeled hCG compete for the binding of anti-Hcg ▪ Sensitivity – 5 mIU/Ml ▪ Serum is more accurate in detecting pregnancy o EIA (Sandwich ELISA) - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ▪ Principle: Detection of hCG based on color indicator reaction mediated by an enzyme (e.g. ALP); commonly used in home-based pregnancy tests ▪ Sensitivity – 2-5 mIU/mL o Immunochromatography (lateral flow tests) a) ▪ Principle: The labeled antibody-dye conjugate in the reaction zone binds to the hCG in the specimen forming an antibody-antigen complex. This complex binds to the antihCG antibody in the test zone (T zone) and produces a colored band when the hCG concentration is equal to or greater than 20 mIU/ml. In the absence of hCG, the reaction mixture continues flowing through the absorbent device past the test zone allowing the binding of unbound conjugates to the reagent in the control zone. ▪ If hCG > sensitivity, formation of color band ▪ If hCG < sensitivity, no band MATERIALS • • HCG Test Kit Urine Specimen OTHER PREGNANCY TESTS • Frog Test o Obsolete method o B. bufu - specie used, male is preferred o Get 3 cc syringe, aspirate urine specimen from the patient. o Inject urine to the frog. o After 1 hour, extract specimen from frog. o Mount the extracted specimen. Observe for bananashaped gametocytes under the microscope. Presence of banana-shaped gametocytes means positive pregnancy. OTHER NOTES • • Ectopic pregnancy o a fertilized egg grows outside a woman's uterus o pregnancy is terminated due to risks o this can be detected by Abbot-brand test kit Testicular cancer o Can be detected using pregnancy test ▪ Due to presence of hCG