Practice Questions - Sociology (Industrialized Nations)

1. What is one way the people of the industrialized nations, and the world, are reaching and abusing the Earth's carrying capacity? Select one: a. We spend money ejecting trash into outer space. b. We show little concern about contaminating water with our garbage and waste. c. We have created parks and protected forested areas, sometimes in vain. d. We eat animals when we should really only eat plants which are much more renewable. 2. Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? Select one: a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Exchange Theory 3. E-readiness can be defined as: Select one: a. the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge. b. the application of science to solve problems in daily life. c. the virtual experience offered by leading educational institutions. d. the electronic waste created by consumers. 4. Which sociological pioneer performed an experiment in which he showed a group of participants a paper with three lines on it, all varying in length, and asked them to compare the lines? Select one: a. Karl Marx b. Solomon Asch c. Ivan Pavlov d. Emile Durkheim 5. In recent decades, lobbying has become a powerful force in the political world. Lobbyists frequently meet behind closed doors with senators, lawmakers, and congressmen and women to push influential legislation through the congressional process. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in examining the lobbying movement? Select one: a. Feminist b. Exchange theory c. Functionalism d. Symbolic interactionism 1 6. Obesity is rising at the fastest rate in which of the following countries? Select one: a. High income b. Middle income c. Low income d. All are rising at high rates 7. Sociology is defined as the: Select one: a. Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon. b. Systematic study of society and social interaction. c. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. d. Theoretical examination of life's origins. 8. Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies? Select one: a. Upper Class b. Middle Class c. Lower Class d. The amount of people in each class has been about the same for the past 10 years. 9. Dana's lives in a country which guarantees healthcare for all of its citizens. Dana lives in a country which uses: Select one: a. Globalization healthcare b. Optimization healthcare c. Market-driven healthcare d. Universal healthcare 10. When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a: Select one: a. Matridistant residence b. Patridistant residence c. Matrilocal residence d. Patrilocal residence 11. Peter finds that he always reacts differently to correction from his father than from his mother. What might a symbolic interactionist studying families make of this situation? Select one: a. Peter needs professional counseling. b. Peter plays different roles with his father and mother. c. Peter needs a sibling. d. Peter's lack of respect for his mother means he'll probably get divorced when he's older. 12. Which two words did Emile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects? Select one: a. Sacred; profane b. Unclean; holy c. Secular; religious d. Ordinary; sanctified 2 13. If we consider the concentric zone model, which is a conflict theorist's critique? Select one: a. The model fails to show the gentrification of neighborhoods as certain classes start to take over cities. b. The model fails to take into account all the parks and playgrounds in the city. c. The model does not show any careful city planning that usually takes place when a city is born. d. The model fails to explore areas of overlap where a business might be located in a suburb or people might live above their businesses in the city. 14. Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? Select one: a. Putting your cell phone on silent mode during a theatrical production b. Holding hands with your best friend c. Incest taboos d. Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you 15. Functionalist Emile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was: Select one: a. Necessary; it challenged people's views. b. Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior. c. Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored. d. Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel. 16. Why has e-waste become an issue, especially in the 21st century? Select one: a. E-waste not only contains harmful chemicals, but electronics become obsolete every six months or so, which means, every six months people are throwing away perfectly good electronics in order to get the newest one. This has led to an enormous increase in the amount of trash people produce. b. E-waste is not easily recyclable because often in the same machine there is glass, plastic, and metal. Also e-waste tends to consist of big, heavy machinery that is difficult to dispose of properly. c. E-waste is a sign of degrading cultural values. People no longer value creating lasting products or getting products fixed; they would much rather just buy a new one and discard the old one. d. E-waste is a natural by-product of an industrialized nation and cannot be helped. People must resign themselves to its presence and find better ways of purifying water, soil, and air. 17. Kara has behavioral problems as a young child. As she goes through school, she is labeled "troubled," and told she will never amount to anything. Kara, though intelligent, decides to "live down" to this expectation. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying Kara's experience? Select one: a. Symbolic interactionism b. Conflict theory c. Functionalism d. Feminist theory 18. Which group within Canada has been stereotyped as the model minority? Select one: a. The Asian Canadian community b. The African Canadian community c. The Arab Canadian community d. The Hispanic Canadian community 19. True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender. Select one: True False 3 20. What is the first agent of socialization? Select one: a. The law b. Family c. Friends d. School 21. Which of the following is NOT true about old age? Select one: a. Women notice wrinkles as one of the rst signs of aging. b. Elderly people lose all appetite and drive for sex. c. Elderly men sometimes start to go bald as they age. d. Elderly people start dying their hair to replace the color they lose. 22. Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice? Select one: a. Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment b. Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict c. Observing study participants without their consent d. Using a control group and an experimental group during observation 23. On Wednesday nights, Joshua attends meetings for Young Life, a Christian-oriented youth group, with his friends, and church on Sunday with his family. This is an example of shared __________ within Joshua’s culture. Select one: a. Social status b. Doctrines c. Beliefs d. Schedules 24. The concept "reference groups" can be defined as: Select one: a. Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain. b. Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity. c. People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way. d. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself. 25. Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by “following” famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other’s Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project’s __________ function, the second is an example of the project’s __________ function. Select one: a. latent; manifest b. manifest; manifest c. manifest; latent 26. What is the importance of interpretive framework? Select one: a. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world. b. It eliminates the need for a literature review. c. It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships. d. It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions. 4 27. When a sociologist says that she used a cohort study to gather and analyze her data, what does she mean? Select one: a. She took a large number of subjects and collected a large amount of data which she broke down into measurable and consistent groups as a way to make the facts clearer to her audience. b. She grouped data in a way that made sense to her so that she didn't have to spend a lot of time plotting tiny dots on a line graph. c. She only took data for her paper from a cross-section of the population and plotted her charts with this information. d. She only studied people in the military to gauge their overall familial health and exuberance. 28. While visiting your dad at his nursing home, you see an elderly lady sitting at the table with a full tray of food in front of her. She is in a wheel chair and seems depressed. You conclude that she is experiencing: Select one: a. Primary aging b. Secondary aging c. Tertiary aging d. Quaternary aging 29. Melissa has been working to develop drought-resistance seeds that require little water to grow and which produce grain. She wants to send these to arid parts of the world, where conventional grain is not easy (or even impossible) to grow to improve nutrition for the people in those countries. In sociological terms, Melissa most likely ascribes to: Select one: a. Demographic transition theory b. Cornucopian theory c. Zero population growth theory d. Malthusian theory 30. What correlation between religion and society did Max Weber see and study? Select one: a. Religion was pushed out of society as countries began to industrialize. b. Religion was important to lower class people, but not very important to those in higher classes. c. Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers. d. Religion was just a way for governments to justify and control their people. 31. Pollution, like many other issues in the world, has become a global issue. What was the name of the agreement that several countries signed as a way to pledge the lessening of carbon emissions? Select one: a. the Hong Kong Pact b. the Beijing Pollution Reduction Agreement c. the Kyoto Protocol d. the Seoul Greener Earth Initiative 32. According to Neil Smelser, several conditions must be in place for __________ to occur? Select one: a. Collective behavior b. Effective interpretation c. Social revolt d. Singular protest 5 33. Parents often socialize their children to: Select one: a. Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow b. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow c. Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences d. Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people 34. Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country? Select one: a. Financial resources from the government and population b. Geographic distribution of male and female students c. Value placed on education d. Amount of time devoted to education 35. What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime? Select one: a. A violent crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics. b. A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not. c. A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not. d. A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics. 36. Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that: Select one: a. Sociologist try to keep the de nition open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family. b. Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other. c. Sociologists only consider people who live in the same household to be a family. d. Sociologists only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family. 37. Sumaira is scared that she will not nd a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: Select one: a. A degradation ceremony. b. Developing her sense of self. c. Anticipatory socialization. d. Developing her sense of morality 38. Which of the following is an example of a counterculture? Select one: a. The yuppie craze of the 1980’s b. The celebrity obsession of the 2010’s c. The hippie movement of the 1960’s d. The disco invasion of the 1970’s 39. From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is NOT a purpose of government? Select one: a. Planning and directing society b. Meeting social needs c. Managing international relations d. Lobbying for domestic corporate interests 6 40. Which sociological perspective argues that sick people fill a societal role, and are stigmatized by society if they spend longer in that role than is appropriate? Select one: a. Conflict theory b. Feminist c. Symbolic interactionism d. Functionalism 41. PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an animal rights group that has over 2 million members across the country and spends millions of dollars on advertising (print, broadcast and social media) in order to spread social awareness about their cause each year. Which theory attempts to explain PETA's success? Select one: a. Collective behavior theory b. Resource mobilization theory c. New social movement theory d. Frame alignment process 42. Which of the following best defines the term patrimonialism? Select one: a. Power that people accept because it comes from a source that is perceived as legitimate. b. A military technique which includes the spread of the conquering country's religion. c. A ruling class that is dependent upon the blood line from the father's side of the family. d. A type of authority wherein military and administrative factions enforce the power of the master 43. When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's __________. Select one: a. Out-group b. Reference group c. Aggregate d. Secondary group 44. Which sociologist saw political conflict as the only means of promoting positive change for the underprivileged? Select one: a. Mahatma Gandhi b. C. Wright Mills c. Karl Marx d. Emile Durkheim 45. In 2008 Canada and the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of __________. Select one: a. Social stratification b. Social inconsistency c. Horizontal mobility d. Downward mobility 46. True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime? Select one: True False 7 47. Why do we have two words for a big city: metropolis and megalopolis? Select one: a. A metropolis only has domestic airports while a megalopolis has international airports. b. A metropolis has less than 2 million people, while a megalopolis has more than 5 million people. c. A metropolis is characterized by the presence of a subway, while a megalopolis is characterized by a public bus system. d. A metropolis is just one city while a megalopolis includes many different cities. 48. Which of the following best defines a social movement? Select one: a. All politicians and elected officials. b. A collection of rights and laws aimed at the silent majority. c. A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal. d. A group of people organized at a meeting, such as a town hall or a courtroom. 49. From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media? Select one: a. Life changing function b. Social norm function c. Entertainment function d. All of the above 50. Which of the following is NOT an example of a stereotype? Select one: a. Cynthia believing her best friend to be good at math because she is Asian. b. Maria assuming her son-in-law is a heavy drinker because he is Irish. c. Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is a vegetarian. d. Pedro assuming his neighbor likes rap music because he is African Canadian. 51. If you consider the University of Virginia's National Marriage Project, what can be concluded from their study? Select one: a. Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage. b. Children are an important foundation for a successful marriage. c. Love is an important foundation for a successful marriage. d. Counseling is an important foundation for a successful marriage. 52. Juan believes that battles such as the French Revolution are necessary for a country to preserve liberty, to maintain or gain land, and will ultimately lead to a more even distribution of wealth among a population. From which sociological perspective do Juan's thoughts come from? Select one: a. Feminist b. Conflict theory c. Functionalism d. Symbolic interactionism 53. The term institutionalization can be de ned as: Select one: a. The idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit. b. The act of implanting a convention or norm into society. c. A status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income. d. Responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society. 8 54. Which of the following is the best definition of social change? Select one: a. A group of people gathered to protest or rally in favor of a bill or law. b. An act of a bill passing in a legislative body, such as a parliament. c. An act of military rebellion. d. The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations. 55. Which number does the World Bank use to determine the status and classification of each nation? Select one: a. Gross National Income b. Gross Domestic Product c. Purchasing Power Parity d. Organization for Economic and Cooperative Development data 56. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was created by: Select one: a. Core nation countries b. Third world countries c. Middle-income countries d. Asian and American countries 57. Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm in North America? Select one: a. Driving on the right hand side of the road b. Crossing streets on cross-walks c. Paying taxes d. Making eye contact while speaking 58. Many of the world's most powerful corporations have headquarters in New York City, which hosts endless in uential events, and o ers an advanced transportation infrastructure. New York City is a __________ city. Select one: a. Declining b. Global c. Recession-Proof d. Corrupt 59. Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would nd food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under: Select one: a. A meritocracy b. A dictatorship c. A caste system d. An oligarchy 60. Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is an example of: Select one: a. Outsourcing b. Polarization c. Automation d. The technology gap 9 61. During the Medieval Age monks would lock themselves inside a monastery in order to devote their lives to prayer. A sociologist in the 21st century would look at this cultural phenomenon and label it: Select one: a. A total institution b. An incomplete institution c. An excellent cross section of the population d. A psychological phenomenon that is outside the realm of sociological study 62. A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a: Select one: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization 63. The concept anomie can be defined as: Select one: a. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness. b. How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group. c. A person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests. d. When one or more of an individual's roles clash. 64. Which classification method best shows how competitive a nation's economy is in global terms? Select one: a. Using phrases like "first world," "second world," and "third world." b. Calculating the GDP per capita of each country and using those numbers to create a global average that can be used as an economic yard stick. c. Classifying countries based on their level of development and using phrases like "more developed" or "less developed." d. Visiting each country and polling a select handful of the population about their income, etc. 65. Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as: Select one: a. Homogenization b. Telecommunication c. Fragmentation d. Illiteration 66. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy: Select one: a. Clear division of labor b. Impersonality c. Explicit rules d. Personality-based promotion 67. An airplane has crashed on a deserted island off the coast of Fiji. The survivors are forced to learn new behaviors in order to adapt to the situation and each other. This is an example of which theory? Select one: a. Immersed socialization b. Assembling c. Emergent norm d. Abrams 10 68. What correlation between religion and society did Max Weber see and study? Select one: a. Religion was pushed out of society as countries began to industrialize. b. Religion was important to lower class people, but not very important to those in higher classes. c. Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers. d. Religion was just a way for governments to justify and control their people. 69. Sheryl was diagnosed with bipolarity when she was a teenager. She's hesitant to tell her friends, and tries her best to hide her diagnosis from her coaches, teachers, and employers, since she's seen other people with the illness be discriminated against on account of it. Bipolarity is an example of a(n): Select one: a. Untreatable illness b. Stigmatized illness c. Withdrawn illness d. Contested illness 70. From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is NOT a purpose of government? Select one: a. Planning and directing society b. Meeting social needs c. Managing international relations d. Lobbying for domestic corporate interests 71. What is one of the largest contributors to health problems in low-income countries? Select one: a. Veganism b. Clean water access c. High caloric diets d. Sterilization 72. Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? Select one: a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Exchange Theory 73. Which factors do sociologists suspect were the cause for such a high divorce rate during the 1960's in North America? Select one: a. There was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce. b. Men were granted more freedom and often allowed to work from home which put more strain on their marital relationships, and which also coincided with women becoming more educated and more aware of their legal rights. c. The 1960's saw the birth of the zero-tolerance concept, which many men and women applied to their marriages, and which, many in society thought a great idea. d. Most people divorcing in the 1960's grew up during World War II and struggled to make the austerity of their childhood correlate with their more abundant and fruitful lifestyles in the 1960's. 11 74. Bill wants to increase his herd of cattle on his farm. Right now, he his herd numbers around 100, and he has 100 acres of his farm set aside for their pasture. What would a sociologist suggest so that his farm, which feeds many in his town and county, can continue to function? Select one: a. Bill should examine the carrying capacity of his lands and consider setting aside more land if he wants to increase his herd. b. Bill should make sure that he has at least one bull so that he can keep breeding his cattle. c. Bill should start training his son at age 5 to deal with cattle so he will be equipped for his inheritance. d. Bill should sell his farm to the highest bidder and relax more often. 75. Max believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Max's perspective is: Select one: a. Functionalist b. Conflict theorist c. Feminist d. Symbolic interactionist 76. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes? Select one: a. When they are born. b. When they first go to school. c. In their teenage years d. After they graduate from college. 77. An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is: Select one: a. Factories employing adults at salary level b. Factories using child labor c. Children attending school d. Children playing with friends 78. Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping? Select one: a. Keisha's mom encouraging her to take home economics over shop class so she can please her future husband. b. A music store employee encouraging a young woman to study the piano or flute instead of the drums or guitar. c. A teacher discouraging a female student from entering the military, suggesting nursing school instead. d. A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday. 79. When Ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he's not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as: Select one: a. Tracking b. Grade inflation c. Feminism d. Manifest function 12 80. Before the dawn of social media, powerful TV networks and widely circulated newspapers had great influence over the news stories that were reported to the public. This is referred to as: Select one: a. Social control b. The great divide c. Gatekeeping d. Discriminatory journalism 81. Tyson visits China over spring break, and after getting online to write home to her parents, she realizes some of her favorite social media sites are blocked by the Chinese government. She becomes concerned with how technology reinforces inequalities among communities, both within and among countries. What sociological perspective best fits Tyson's concerns? Select one: a. Functionalist b. Cyberfeminist c. Symbolic Interactionist d. Conflict 82. When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views? Select one: a. Conflict Theory b. Structural Functionalism c. Cyberfeminism d. Symbolic Interactionism 83. What is a dependency ratio? Select one: a. It is the comparison of working people to non-working people. b. It is the comparison of children to parents. c. It is the comparison of grandparents to parents. d. It is the comparison of healthcare professionals to the elderly. 84. Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of: Select one: a. Grade inflation b. Cultural capital c. Tracking d. The education gap 85. A cultural universal is: Select one: a. An object or a belonging of a group. b. A pattern or trait common to all societies. c. The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society. d. A written document outlining appropriate behavior. 86. Corporal Punishment is another way of saying: Select one: a. White Collar Crime b. Life in prison c. Spanking d. The death penalty 13 87. When Hildegard visited a Church of Christ, she realized just how similar their practices and beliefs are to her regular denomination of choice, the Episcopalian Church. These similarities probably mean that the Church Christ is: Select one: a. A faith that is not part of any larger category. b. A cult within the Christian faith. c. A sect within the Christian faith. d. An ecclesia within the Christian faith. 88. Which sociological perspective argues that sick people fill a societal role, and are stigmatized by society if they spend longer in that role than is appropriate? Select one: a. Conflict theory b. Feminist c. Symbolic interactionism d. Functionalism 89. Jin is a conflict theorist sociologist. Which of the following statements about Occupy Wall Street would most align with Jin's sociological perspective? Select one: a. Occupy Wall Street is positive; our capitalist economy is only making social inequality grow larger. b. Occupy Wall Street is a waste of time; our capitalistic economy is keeping our nation healthy, and is designed for maximum efficiency. c. Occupy Wall Street is a threat; with so many angry people gathered in one place, horrible violence will surely break out. d. Occupy Wall Street is dangerous; large crowds in these environments heighten the risk for sexual abuse and gender discrimination. 90. When social movements link their goals to the goals of other social movements and merge into a single group, this is referred to as: Select one: a. Ecofeminism b. Frame diagnostics c. Motivational framing d. Frame alignment process 91. Which of the following is not a widely contributing factor in social change? Select one: a. Disease b. Social institutions c. The environment d. Technology 92. Assembling perspective falls under which sociological perspective? Select one: a. Feminist b. Interactionist c. Conflict theorist d. Functionalist 93. Medical sociology is the systematic study of: Select one: a. The causes and distribution of diseases b. Doctor/Patient relationships among ill and healthy patients c. The rate at which social diseases spread amongst varying socioeconomic populations d. How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy 14 94. Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) __________. Select one: a. Ethnography b. Case study c. Experiment d. Secondary data analysis 95. Until 1973 homosexuality was considered a psychological disorder American Psychological Association. Which sociological perspective would be most concerned with why this was considered an illness, and what effect that diagnosis had on society? Select one: a. Exchange theory b. Functionalist c. Feminist d. Symbolic interactionist 96. In recent times, scholars have been trying to sort out why the countries on the continent of Africa, as a whole, have trouble competing to today's global, capitalist economy. While an answer to this question is complex and carries with it many ambiguities, most scholars point to European colonialism as a key to understanding the current state of Africa. A sociologist studying this topic, would ascribe to which theoretical paradigm? Select one: a. Structural functionalism b. Symbolic interactionism c. Conflict theory d. Feminist theory 97. Which of the following would a social epidemiologist be likely to study: Select one: a. The effects of redistricting on a local election b. The prevalence of crime surrounding a university hospital c. The use of cough medicine as a recreational drug for suburban teens d. The high cancer rates surrounding a large manufacturing plant in a remote area 98. Your best friend Sky is hoping to start a new city on an island in the Pacific. Which sociologist would you suggest she read first, before setting out? Select one: a. Arlie Hochschild b. Thomas Malthus c. Gideon Sjoberg d. Paul Ehrlich 99. Hitler was an example of what kind of authority? Select one: a. Charismatic b. Rational-legal c. Traditional d. None of the above. 15 100. How did Durkheim's and Weber's views on religion differ? Select one: a. While Durkheim saw religion as made of unrelated beliefs and practices, Weber believed it does not change over time. b. Whereas Durkheim saw religion as a source of social conflict, Weber believed it was a barrier to social change. c. Whereas Durkheim saw religion as a source of social stability, Weber believed it was a precipitator of social change. d. While Durkheim saw religion as a source of social oppression, Weber believed it can be understood separately from society. 101. A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A __________ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management. Select one: a. Functionalist b. Symbolic interactionist c. Feminist d. Conflict theorist 102. To study how women were encouraged to act and behave in the 1960s, a sociologist might watch movies, television shows, and situation comedies from that period because: Select one: a. They teach us how women should act and behave in contemporary society. b. They teach us about the unchanging role of women in the family. c. They teach us that gender is clearly defined and has changed very little since the 1960s. d. They teach us how women on screen can represent the values of the era in which the programs aired. 103. Angela believes that race relations in Canada are poor because the white ruling class has enacted various laws and regulations to keep other racial groups from achieving equality. With which sociological perspective does Angela's view best align? Select one: a. Functionalism b. Conflict theory c. Feminism d. Symbolic interactionism 104. Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? Select one: a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Feminist Theory 105. Until 1973 homosexuality was considered a psychological disorder American Psychological Association. Which sociological perspective would be most concerned with why this was considered an illness, and what effect that diagnosis had on society? Select one: a. Exchange theory b. Functionalist c. Feminist d. Symbolic interactionist 16 106. Please match the sociologist Travis Hirschi to his theory: Select one: a. Strain theory b. Differential association c. Control theory d. Cultural deviance theory 107. Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method? Select one: a. Research existing sources b. Report results c. Receive corroboration from the field d. Formulate a hypothesis 108. Bobby came home from school crying because the other kids in his class were calling him stupid. His mother tried to console him, but he really started to believe that he was stupid. Charles Cooley would say that this is a classic example of __________. Select one: a. The looking-glass self b. The resocialization process c. A degradation ceremony d. Poor parenting 109. According to Erik Erikson's theory on aging, what is the final hurdle that most people who reach old age must overcome? Select one: a. Despair b. Loathing c. Sentimentality d. Concession 110. When your mother-in-law fell and broke her hip at age 72, you were concerned because she is still __________. Select one: a. Young-old b. Middle-old c. Old-old d. Ancient 17