1789-1799 The French Revolution on the Crane Brinton scale Key gures Key events The estates general/tennis court oath Storming of the bastille Reign of terror Execution of Louis XVI Louis XVI, king of France Maximilian Robespierre, revolutionary in stages 2-3 Ineffectiveness Effectiveness Continuity Change Tons of death Made France a democracy Not a lot changing Better living conditions for the lower class & fi Napoleon Bonaparte, dictator in stage four & Key triggers Inequalities against the third estate The rules of the estates general A weak ruler (King Louis XVI) Phase One—Preliminary Stage Symptoms (The Old Order) 1. Economically weak – the government has de cits and must tax 2. Politically weak – the government is ineffective and cannot enforce policy; inept ruler 3. Intellectuals desert – reformers speak out against the government 4. Class Antagonism – there is a con ict between the old regime and new fi fl forces The French government spent most of their money on the American revolution and the seven year war. they tax the third estates to the point of starving The third estate makes up over 95% of the population, and therefore have immense power. They are just starting to realize this Some people start to realize that the upper classes are barely being taxed at all, and speak up The estates general gets called, and the third estate realized how unfair the upper classes are being and how much better things could be Phase Two—First Stage Symptoms (Moderate Regime) 1. Financial breakdown France becomes completely broke (aside from the very high-ups) 2. Symbolic actions/ Dramatic events – rallying point against the old regime; government The rebellion raids and destroys a military jail protests increase 3. Role of force – the government cannot repress the rebellion 4. Dual Sovereignty – there is a better organized and obeyed government Since the lower class is so huge, their strength in number is massive compared to the opposition The third estate supporters break of into a separate democratic entity, including the jacobin club 5. Moderates Attain Power – e.g., make a new fi fi constitution; ght a war New Constitution rati ed (with support of Louis) Phase Three—Crisis Stage Symptoms (Radical Regime) 1. Radicals Take Control (coup d’etat) – small number of devoted, French Republic proclaimed disciplined radicals govern 2. War (civil and foreign) 3. Centralization of Power in a Revolutionary Council Dominated by a Strong War on Prussia, Austria Hungary, the UK, etc… Maximilien Robespierre of the Jacobin club takes control (not completely though) Man 4. Terror and Virtue – forced conformity or punishment; gospel of revolution Many people executed for being enemies of the revolution, the reign of terror Phase Four—Recovery Stage Symptoms (Thermidorian Reaction) 1. Slow, Uneven Return to Quieter Times – rst convalescence from the Napoleon goes into power, reign of terror ends fever of revolution 2. Rule by a Tyrant 3. Radicals Repressed; moderates gain amnesty fi fi 4. Aggressive Nationalism Though Napoleon isn’t exactly a tyrant, he still gains immense power Napoleon takes control of French army Napoleon ght and scores many conquests, and makes France into a more powerful nation

The Anatomy of the French Revolution: A Crane Brinton Analysis

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