Night Intro Guided Notes

Topic/Objective: Night by Elie Wiesel The Holocaust Unit 2 Hard-Won Liberty Name: Ciera Ravelo Class/Period: 5 Date: 12/6 Learning Target: ● Understand the events leading up to and including the Holocaust in order to better understand Elie Wiesel’s POV and purpose in writing his memoir Night Questions: Notes: The Holocaust: 1933-1945 When did the Holocaust take place? What does the word Holocaust mean? What was the Holocaust? WWII in Nazi Germany “Holocaust” in Greek means “sacrifice by fire.” Hitler’s final solution to get rid the world of the Jews , who he believed to be inferior to other pure Germans. ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Other people targeted during this time: ● Roma (gypsies) ● Disabled People ● Slavic (Russian, Polish) ● Homosexuals ● Jehovah’s Witnesses ● Socialists ● Communists ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Jewish Population in 1933: 9 million Jewish Population in 1945: 3 million = 6 million Jewish people killed Systematic Genocide: The killing of many people at one time. The Holocaust Ghettos were created to monitor and deport Jewish families. ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Questions: Jews were sent to concentration camps where they died of starvation, disease, maltreatment, and neglect Many were sent to extermination camps, at which they were killed in gas chambers. Notes: Adolf Hitler Who was Adolf Hitler? What are some important facts about him? Write down a few key facts about Adolf Hitler: ● Adolf was born in Austria in 1889. ● His father died when he was young. ● Was a corporal in WWI. ● In 1933, Hitler became Chancellor. The Meaning of the Title The bible begins with God’s creation of the Earth. When God first begins His creation, the Earth is “without form, and void darkness [is] upon the face of the deep” (Genesis 1:2) ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ God’s first act is to create light and dispel the darkness. For Elie Wiesel, darkness and night symbolize a world without God. The Author: Elie Wiesel Write down a few key facts about Adolf Hitler. ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Night Vocabulary Terms: Holocaust - “Complete destruction by fire” Term associated with the genocide of 6 million Jews during WWII Genocide - Deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group Ghetto- the confinement of Jews in a set-apart area of the city Prejudice - a preconceived opinion or feeling about a group of people formed without knowledge, thought, or reason (often based on stereotypes) Discrimination - when actions are based upon prejudices, stereotypes, and biases Questions: Notes: Kapo- camp prisoner forced to oversee other prisoners Race - any people united by common history, language, or cultural traits Ethnicity - a shared and distinctive cultural characteristics pertaining to the language, religion, background, etc. of a group of people Anti-Semitism Hostility towards or discrimination against Jewish people Euphemism - a mild or vague term that is substituted for one that is harsh or offensive Fascism- a system of government with centralized authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism Death Camp - camps dedicated to the efficient murders of Jews and other victims (also called Concentration Camps) Concentration Camp - camps that were primarily used for slave labor, holding, or transit Adolf Hitler- “The Fuhrer” dictator of Germany during WWII Heinrich Himmler - the head of the SS Adolph Eichmann - devised the plan for the Final Solution Rudolph Hess - the commander of Auschwitz Dr. Mengele - “the Angel of Death” a doctor who performed brutal, unnecessary experiments and operations upon prisoners in the camps Aryan Race - the pure German race, used by the Nazis to suggest a superior, non-Jewish Caucasian with blonde hair and blue eyes Third Reich - the Third Republic of Germany which began with Hitler’s rule in 1933 and ended with his defeat in 1945. SS - “Schutz-Staffel” established in 1929 as Hitler’s black-shirted bodyguards. Trained in brutality and put in charge of the concentration camps Gestapo - the secret police organized in 1933 to uncover an undermine political opposition. A subunit of the SS. Dachau - a concentration camp used as a model for the death camps Auschwitz- the largest death camp, located in Poland Theresienstadt - the “model” concentration camp used to deceive the visiting International Red Cross The Final Solution - plan devised in 1941 to speed up the killing of Jews and “undesirables”. Consisted of gas chambers and crematories. _________________ - term used when the SS forced prisoners to line up for inspection and decide which prisoners would live to work and which would be killed immediately Terms about Judaism (use this as a reference): Cabbala - ancient Jewish tradition of mystical interpretation of the Bible Hasidism - movement of Orthodox Judaism with strong mystical and emotional elements Job - Biblical figure who has come to symbolize suffering Kaddish - a prayer in Aramaic praising God. The mourner’s Kaddish is said for the dead Maimonides (1133-1204) - Jewish Rabbi, physician, philosopher Messiah - “the anointed one”. A savior Zohar - means “light” or “splendor”. One of the major works of the Cabbala Passover - the celebration of the exodus of Jewish people from slavery in Egypt Pentecost - the celebration of the giving of the Torah Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New Year Lazarus - a man described in the Books of John and Luke as having been raised from the dead by Jesus Synagogue - a Jewish house of worship and study Talmud - the most important compilation of Jewish oral tradition Temple - holiest place of Judaism, located in Jerusalem. Biblically ordained sacrifices were performed here. Yellow Star - Nazis forced Jews to wear a cloth badge with the word “Jude” (Jew) in the center of a yellow six-pointed star so they could be easily identified by others Yom Kippur - “Day of Atonement” holiest day of the Jewish year when the Jews fast and pray for forgiveness of their sins Zionism - political movement advocating the establishment of a Jewish state Summary: Write a summary of the KEY IMPORTANT INFORMATION that you learned from these notes. This should be in complete sentences AND should be 10-15 sentences long (we took a lot of notes!) You DO NOT need to include information about all of the vocabulary terms.