Basic Microscope Instructions

BASIC MICROSCOPE INSTRUCTIONS Magnify the Microscope The total magnification of a microscope array can be calculated by multiplying the magnification capabilities of the objective lens and the eyepiece. If the total magnification increases, the diameter of the field of vision decreases. The separation limit of the microscope-microscope array is about 0.2 microns (0.00002 mm). Principles and procedures for using a microscope 1. Principle of use The object being observed must be placed not far from the objective focus to form an enlarged image, for example the distance from the focus to the lens is f and the distance from the focus to the image is d then the magnification by the objective. 2. Procedure for use The preparation that has been prepared is placed on the object table and adjusted so that its position is right under the objective lens, using a regulator that can be shifted to the left, right, front or back.The light intensity is adjusted in such a way that the light passes through the preparation as needed.To adjust the distance, first use a coarse adjustment, then use a fine adjustment, so that you get a clear image of the object.If using immersion oil, adjust the objective until it touches the immersion oil, then to get a clear and sharp image, only use a fine adjustment distance (micrometer). TYPES OF MICROSCOPES 1. Based on the number of eyepieces (eye pieces) 1. Monocular microscope 2. Binocular microscope 3. Trinocular microscope 2. Based on the use or usage of the microscope 1. Microscope for studying (student/school microscope) It can be in the form of a monocular or binocular microscope, equipped with an ocular lens with a magnification of 10-15 times, and an objective lens magnification of 10: 40 and 100 times. As a light source, white light (sun or lamp) can be used which is collected and reflected through a concave mirror. Some are equipped with a halogen lamp as a light source or use a microscope lamp (halogen) which is separate from the microscope and reflected through a concave mirror. 2. Microscope for work in the laboratory (Routine Laboratory Microscope) Binocular microscope used for routine work inlaboratory. Magnify the eyepiece 10-15 times, magnify the objective 10-200times, the light source is a halogen lamp, and in general the separation accuracy is better than thatStudent Microscope. 3. Microscope with contrast system and phase (System and phase contrast microscope) This is a microscope that is constructed in such a way that it can be used to see objects in dark and bright fields. 4. Laboratory microscope for immuno-fluorescence light events and strong light field transmission. Used to observe objects in fluorescent light and strong light sources. 5. Polarized light microscope Used to observe objects in polarized light. 6. Inversion microscope (Inverted Microscope) Used for routine and research purposes. This microscope is designed to carry out routine work and examinations on liquid samples in containers commonly used in laboratories, for example Erlenmeyer flasks, Petri dishes for microscope tests, plankton vessels, media bottles and so on. This microscope is especially suitable for use in clinical, medical, chemical, pharmaceutical, hydrological, biological, ecological and food laboratories. 7. Metallurgical Research Microscope (Metallurgical research microscope) Used in mineralogical, metallurgical laboratories, to test metals, non-destructive rocks, ceramics, textiles, synthetic resins, materials that are semi-conductive in electric fields, and so on. 8. Binocular research microscope (Binocular research microscope) Usually has better separation power, stronger magnification, clearer, so that objects can be observed more clearly. This tool is equipped with a camera/photographer which is used to make photos of the desired object as documentation. 9. Stereo microscope (Stereo Microscope) By using a stereo microscope we can see objects better, clearer, clearer and as if the object being seen is an emerging object. Some are also equipped with zoom type lenses. 10. Comparative microscope (Comparison Microscope) Namely a comparison microscope, the image is created by two identical and independent microscopes, then combined in a single eyepiece. This tool is used to match or compare objects from the sample with known objects. 11. A microscope connected to a color television set (Color television microscope) This microscope is used in the fields of medicine, biology, hematology and mineralogy. The microscope is connected to a television set, so that it can be followed on the television screen. 12. Quantitative microscope (Quantitative Microscope) A microscope equipped with a photometer, scanning photometer, or spectrophotometer and can also be connected to a video or television device. 13. Electron microscope (Electron Microscope) Microscope with an electron light source, so it can produce magnifications of up to 500,000 kaH and view objects.Things that need to be considered when using a microscope a. If the microscope is not used, it is stored in a microscope cupboard, the lens (both ocular and objective) must be removed and stored in a lens storage containing a drying agent (e.g. silicagel) to prevent mold on the lens. b. When lifting the microscope, you should use both hands, one hand to hold the microscope arm and the other to support the base of the lens holder. c. To clean the lens, use lens paper. d. Do not look at objects without using a cover glass e. When you first see an object, use an objective with low magnification, then after the desired object is seen, replace it with an objective with strong magnification. When raising and lowering the objective lens, you must be careful so that the lens does not come into contact with the object liquid or the cover glass, because this can damage/break the lens or the preparation glass. f. To see an object, first use the coarse focus adjustment knob carefully, then focus with the fine focus adjustment until a clear image is obtained. g. To indicate the part of the object/preparation being observed, an ocular equipped with a pointer can be used. And if you want to measure the length or width of the cell/object being observed, use an eyepiece equipped with a micrometer scale as a measure. h. If you have to make your own object to be observed, slice the sample or specimen as thinly as possible, so that it only consists of approximately one in cross-section, use a new, sharp razor blade or use a microtome/special cutting tool, until you get a good and bright image. i. Use of a microscope A brief guide to microscope use is very useful, as the basic rules for microscope use and handling are often ignored. Improper use and handling of a microscope will shorten the working life of the instrument itself. j. How to handle a microscope Properly lifting or moving the microscope is essential to prevent and protect against screw damagethe micrometer. A microscope with horizontal micrometer movement must beheld by the legs/base by supporting it with one hand and the other hand holding the microscope arm and carrying it in a horizontal position. Carrying the microscope only by the arm that supports the microscope tube will sooner or later result in damage to the micrometer screw.When holding the microscope in this way, the entire weight of the microscope rests on the screw, and the grooves will gradually wear out. Likewise, the microscope must not be lifted by holding the tube or preparation table. k. Microscope Position The microscope is stored in a microscope cupboard and it is best to remove the ocular and objective lenses and store them in a drying cupboard to prevent mold on the lenses.When using the microscope, choose a comfortable position and consider the following factors: - Possibility of vibration - The intensity of the incoming light - The height of the table must be suitable for the worker - If a lamp is used as a light source, it must be equipped with a device that differentiates intensity, so that uniform illumination is obtained on the field being observed and on the paper used for illustrating or making notes. l. Objective lens cleaner If immersion oil is used for microscope observation, it is recommended that after completion, immediately clean the remains of immersion oil from the objective lens, using xylol and lens paper. Do not use other solvents, for example benzene, ethanol, toluene, ether, because they can damage the objective lens (dissolve the glue between the lens and the metal).Do not let any emersion oil residue dry overnight on the lensobjectively, because there is a possibility that the lens will be scratched at some point re-cleaning, or the solvent used for cleaning may penetrate into the objective lens. m. Organizers and microscopic observations During observation with a microscope, the eye is positioned on the eyepiece, one hand is used to adjust the micrometer continuously and the other hand is used to move the preparation table. If a monocular microscope is used, the left eye is generally used to observe. In a microscope, the right eye can be used to draw the object being observed. However, some people prefer the opposite method depending on each individual's habits. n. Microscopic assessment Things that need to be considered and paid attention to when selecting a microscope are:stabilityto the movement of the preparation table and to reliable heat and comfort. o. Photomicrography This is a technique for photographing objects/objects that are very small and cannot be seen with the naked eye. This requires equipment, namely a microscope and a special camera for using a microscope.