Chapter 2 Test 1. The Sumerians invented the first system of writing called a. Cuneiform 2. Ziggurats functioned symbolically as a. bridges between the earth and the heavens. 3. The Epic of Gilgamesh was attributed to the a. Sumerians 4. What technique did the Sumerians use to create cylinder seals that ensured the identification of documents and established property ownership? a. Sunken relief 5. Which culture controlled most of Mesopotamia by the end of the ninth century BCE? a. Assyrian 6. What was at the top of the Anu ziggurat White Temple? a. a simple rectangle with an off-center doorway 7. The Stele of Hammurabi is significant as both a work of ancient Mesopotamian art and as a. a historical document recording a written code of law. 8. What did the low relief scenes on the walls at Kalhu portray? a. war campaigns and lion hunts 9. What does the uppermost scene of the Carved Vessel (Fig. 2-4) from Uruk represent? a. a re-enactment of a ritual marriage 10. What original element of the Head of a Woman (Fig. 2-3) symbolizes the purity of the figure? a. the marble face 11. Stepped structures known as ziggurats may have developed from the practice of a. repeated rebuilding at sacred sites. 12. The incised design on a cylinder seal found in the tomb of Queen Puabi (Fig. 2-8) demonstrates the Sumerians’ use of a. personal monograms. 13. The lion hunting scene of Assurnasirpal II (Fig. 2-14) marks a shift in Mesopotamian art from a sense of timeless solemnity toward greater a. emotional drama. 14. Which city was Nebuchadnezzar II responsible for transforming into one of the most splendid of its day? a. Babylon 15. The relief of Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute (Fig. 2-23) exemplifies Persian art’s emphasis on a. allegiance and economic prosperity. 16. The first domestication of grains occurred in the area known as the a. Fertile Crescent. 17. What did the Sumerians use to produce cuneiform writing? a. Stylus 18. A beautiful copper alloy head, which is the earliest major work of hollow-cast sculpture known in the ancient Near East, dates from the time of a. Sargon 19. In the Stele of Hammurabi, Hammurabi stands before the seated god Shamash in an attitude of a. Prayer 20. What were most of the buildings in Kalhu built from? a. mud bricks 21. Which ruler conquered the Persian Empire in 334 BCE? a. Alexander the Great 22. The Persians won the loyalty of their subjects by tolerating a. native customs and religions. 23. Which object, taken by an Elamite king, demonstrated the importance of art objects as military booty? a. Stele of Naram-Sin (Fig. 2-1) 24. Cylinder seals, which were often buried with the dead, were signs of a. status or high office. 25. In the image of Enemies Crossing the Euphrates to Escape Assyrian Archers (Fig. 2-15), what device is used to convey spatial depth? a. overlapping swimmers