Which of the Following is True About How Coasts are Affected from the Water Side

based on what you know about the causes of high and low tides, match the type of tide that would be present with the individual locations in the situation depicted. assume the sun is to the left of the illustration. HIDE TIDE – A AND B LOW TIDE- C AND C large blocks of ice collapsing off the front of a glacier are said to be ___. CALVING How does a glacier, at its base and sides, modify a bedrock valley? SEDIMENT IS LEFT BEHIND ON THE SIDES AND BOTTOM OF THE VALLEY. ROCKS CARRIED BY GLACIERS GRIND AND SCRAPE THE ROCK SURFACE THE ROCK BENEATH MAY BE SMOOTHED, POLISHED, OR SCRATCHED. Order the steps of glacial ice formation from snowflakes, beginning with the snowfall. Place the first step at the top and the last step at the bottom. 1. Snow falls as individual flakes 2. Snowflakes are pressed together; air is forced out 3. Snowflakes are compressed into irregular, dense spheres. 4. Snow changes into interlocking crystals and has a bluish color. The area on a glacier where the accumulation of ice and snow exactly balance the loss is called the _______ line. equilibrium line Match the shoreline feature with whether it is a result of erosion or deposition and whether the shoreline has likely been uplifted or submerged over time. Erosion; uplifted Deposition; submerged Sea cliffs, Wave-cut platforms, Spits and bay mouth bars, Barrier islands Sea stacks and sea arches. The time during an ice agent that occurs between glacial periods, when glaciers are melting and retreating, is called a(n) _________ period. INTERGLACIAL Which of the following is not a coastline hazard posed by hurricanes and other storms? WILDLIFE DISPLACEMENT Match the letter image with its appropriate description related to tide level. A: It is high tide; the ocean is at its highest point relative to land. B: it is an average sea level; the ocean is at an intermediate height that occurs between high and low tide C: it is low tide; the ocean is at its lowest level on a shoreline. 1/9    What are some hazards that exist along coastlines? (Select all that apply.) Strong winds and rain; flooding. Storm surge. Wave erosion, especially during storms. Order the sediments formed in the surf zone by the general amount of time over which they have been eroded by wave action along the coast. Put the sediment formed in the shortest amount time on top and the sediment formed in the longest amount of time at the bottom. 1. large, angular rock pieces 2. flattened, smooth pebbles 3. sand Match the characteristic/feature of a glacier area with its description. Blue ice – these forms as snow gets buried and compressed Crevasses- these are fractures in a glacier, formed as internal stresses cause its upper surface to break. Rock powder-this is created as glacial movement grinds up pieces of surrounding rock. Grooves and streaks- these are created as sediment trapped in the glacier is being carried d by the flow. Steep, exposed slopes- snow and ice slide downhill and are not allowed to pile up Sediment that is transported ____________ a glacier is most likely to be ground to a very fine powder called rock flour. Underneath The coastline in the image ________________. (Select all that apply.) shows an example of a marine terrace Has undergone a relative fall in sea level Order the systematic changes that occur in waves as they approach the shore, with the first event at the top and the last event at the bottom. Water shears on the bottom when the depth is shallower than the wave base, as the waves approach the shore 2. Waves slow down 3. Wave crests bunch up and become steep (wave height increase and wavelength decreases) 4. Wave crests topple over, and the wave breaks in the surf zone A(n) ____________ is a U-spaced valley eroded below sea level and subsequently flooded by a rise in level. FJORD 2/9 Match the type of coast (emergent or submergent with the type of feature found there.) EMERGENT COAST SUBMERGENT COASTS Marine terraces are found there Coastal dunes become offshore bars or Wave-cut notches from topobarrier island. graphic steps on the land. Fjords create narrow, deep embayments. Old coral reefs are exposed on Estuaries give the coast an irregular land. outline. A moving mass of ice, which may range in size from a huge ice sheet that covers large regions to a smaller mass that is restricted to a single mountain or valley, is called a(n).____________. GLACIER Rivers and streams flowing away from glaciers deposit _______________. OUTWASH PLAINS Match the shoreline feature with its cause via wave erosion. ROUNDED SEDIMENT- Waves smash together loose rock, causing angular corners to wear away. WAVE-CUT NOTCH- Crashing water and sediment water wear away at bedrock along a rocky shoreline in the same place over time. WAVE-CUT PLATFORM- aves wash sediment back and forth across the sea bottom and smooth off the underlying bedrock. ANGULAR SEDIMENT- Waves break directly on the coast and swirl away loose, broken pieces of bedrock. Which statements are true of tides? (Select all that apply.) They are cyclic changes in the height of the sea surface. They usually only vary between high and low levels by 1 to 3 m. In most places, high and low tide occur every 112 hours and 25 minutes Sea level fall may expose the following features along an emergent coastline. (select all that apply) Wave-cut notch, Coral reefs, Wave-cut platform Match the letter in the diagram with the description of the progress of wave development at that location. CB A The coastline in the image ______. (select all that apply.) 3/9 Shows an example of a marine terrace, has undergone a relative fall in sea level Match the factor with how it may affect sea level. Melting of glaciers and ice sheets- large volume of water are release back into the the ocean; sea level rises. Fast rates of seafloor spreading- mid-ocean ridges become broader, and ocean Water is placed out of ocean basins, sea level rises Cooler ocean temperatures- water in the oceans will slightly contract; sea level Drops. Position of more continents near the poles- glaciation becomes widespread; sea Level drops. Water in the uppermost part of the ground that remains frozen all or most of the time is called FERMAFROST Most of the sediment that glaciers carry comes from ________. The mountain slopes and streams that flank the glacier The _________ current moves sand parallel to the coast. LONGSHORE Match the type of tide (spring or neap) with its correct description. Spring tide Neap tide It is created when the earth this is created when the moon is at a right Moon sun system is an alignment angle from the sun in the earth-moon-sun system It occurs at times of the new moon And full moon high and low tides are weaker than usual It occurs at times of the first and third quarter moon. High and low tides are more extreme Than usual. What area of the Northern Hemisphere, covered by ice 28,000 years ago, is also ice covered today? GREENLAND Match the feature associated with a relative sea level rise on a submergent coast with its description. B - Barrier islands have become totally submerged by rising seas A - An estuary has been created where a river valley once existed C - A new island has formed out of what was originally a hill 4/9 Place the following statement in order to explain the development of a sea stack, beginning with the extension of a promontory into the sea at the top. 1. A promontory extends out into the sea 2. Wave action begins rot erode at the weaker parts of the rock on the promontory 3. A sea cave is formed, as rock behind the tip of the promontory is eroded faster than the tip 4. Continued erosion collapses the roof of the sea cave, leaving a passage behind the tip of the promontory 5. A sea stack is created that was once the tip of the promontory The lower end of a glacier, where the glacier ends either on land or in the sea, is called the TERMINUS The ice ages ___________. (select all that apply.) Are so called because over the past 2 million years, there were times of marked Increases in glacial coverage. Coincide with the Pleistocene epoch Match the shoreline feature with the typical situation involved in its creation. Rocky coast - Coastal land is made of hard rock that resists erosion. Coastal outline of narrow inlets and bays - A rise in relative sea level flooded river valleys along the submerging coast. Gentle slopes and rounded hills - Land materials are soft and easily eroded; available sediment is fine grained. Large amounts of soil and vegetation - A wet climate exists along the coast. Match the letter on the diagram with the corresponding term distinguishing parts of an ocean wave. A - Wave height B - Wavelength C - Depth of wave base = wavelength/2 D - Trough Crest Rapid increases and decreases in global sea level are related to _________. THE EXTENT OF CONTINENTAL ICE SHEETS The largest accumulations of ice in glaciers we call ice ______. Glaciers that flow down valleys in mountainous regions are _____, cirque, or valley glaciers. When either of these two glacial types spread out in less confined topography, they are ______ glaciers. Sheets, alpine, piedmont Which of the following are true regarding the location of ice sheets and glaciers? most glaciers are in high latitudes or high elevations, the second-largest ice mass is on Greenland, the largest ice mass is on Antarctica a period of time in which large regions of land are covered year-round with ice and snow especially in the last 2 million years, is called a(n) ______ ICE AGE 5/9 Correctly match the letter on the image, indication the different types of moraines, with the correct name of that type of moraine. A Lateral Moraine B Medial Moraine Which of the following are common processes that may affect shorelines? - deep and shallow water currents - fine sediment carried by wind - movement of waves and tides - transport of sediment by rivers Which of the following control the Milankovitch cycles that influence global climate? precession (the wobble of Earth's rotational axis), varying tilt angles of Earth, and eccentricity (the varying shape of Earth's orbit) the process of. Is concentrated on the downflow side of irregularities in the bedrock beneath a glacier and can occur where rocks become loosened by and incorporated in to ice at the glacier’s base. PLUCKING Match the condition with whether it generally causes an increase or decrease (or both) in the amount of sediment along a shoreline. If ocean temperatures fall, then sea levels FALL How is a sea stack formed? A promontory is eroded by waves into a cave that then collapses. Match the glacial features with their descriptions. Eskers: Long, sinuous ridges deposited by meltwater stream beneath a glacier as it retreats Kettle lake: Formed as a block of ice left behind a glacier melts, leaving a depression that fills with water Glacial outwash: River-carried sediment that may either be deposited near or distant to a retreating glacier Recessional moraine: Forms as the front of a glacier melts back and stagnates for some period of time in one location, depositing a pile of sediment Kames: form where meltwater in stagnant ice deposited sediment in ice crevasses or in The space between the glacier and the land surface. Drumlins: Streamlined hills formed as a moving glacier sculpts material into this shape Which of the following increase earth’s albedo? Increased snow cover, increased cloud cover, increased ice cover Match the terms loading and unloading with the correct characteristics. Loading: Down warps the land surface; Causes the land to lower relative sea level. Unloading: Results int isostatic rebound; Occurs when weight is removed from the land; Causes the land to rise relative to sea level. 6/9 Which of the following are true of how glaciers move? Rates at which glaciers move are variable The coldest glaciers become locked to the bedrock at their base. The upper part of a glacier flows faster than the lower part. Match the activity to its climatic effect. Decreased sunspot activity - Climate cools slightly Increased snow and ice cover on Earth - Increased albedo makes a cooler climate Release of CO2 and CH4 into the atmosphere - More greenhouse gases tend to warm the planet Large volcanic eruptions - Ash and dust block sunlight, resulting in cooling Match the lettered area in the images with its correct descriptions. A Ice cover close to a maximum; ice in the middle may have been several kilometers thick - NAmerican ice cover 20,000 years ago B - Ice ages ending - NAmerican ice cover 10,000 years ago A glacier flowing over a steep drop-off or around a curve will develop cracks in its surface called Crevasses What is the primary cause of short-term sea-level change? The growth and shrinkage of ice sheets and glaciers. In which of these situations would a beach generally see an increase in its sediment budget? Waves erode sediment from offshore reefs and sandbars. Rivers and deltas are present. Large amounts of runoff from land occurs. Which feature on this diagram is a tarn? 2, a lake in the upper valley Which way is the current moving along this coastline? From right to left Today, which land area in the Northern Hemisphere is largely covered by an ice sheet? GREENLAND What are some possible influences of ocean currents on glaciation? All of these choices are correct. 7/9 Which of the following is NOT a type of evidence left behind by glaciers? V shaped valleys Which of the features labeled on this figure is a drumlin? C Which of the following is true about how shorelines are affected from the water side? Waves can erode, deposit, or simply transport sediment. What happens when a glacier encounters the sea or a lake? Large blocks of ice collapse off the front of the glacier and become icebergs. In what direction does a spit typically grow with time? in the same direction as a longshore current Which of the following shoreline features is generally composed of bedrock? wave-cut platform Which of the following can influence whether a shoreline gains or loses sand with time? All of these choices are correct. Which of the following does NOT affect the potential hazards of a shoreline? All of these affect potential hazards of shorelines. With the Moon in this position, which area will experience low tide? 1 and 3 What happens to snowflakes as they become progressively buried within glaciers? They become interlocking crystals of ice. The feature in this photograph is a(n) roche moutonnée. In the coasts investigation, what coastal process is likely occurring along the eastern part of the north shore? transport of delta-derived sediment along the coast What is the feature numbered 3 in the center of this figure? 8/9 lateral moraine What is permafrost? the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year What happens on either side of the equilibrium line in a glacier? Above the equilibrium line, the amount of accumulation exceeds the amount lost by various processes. What is the main way that position of the continents can influence global sea level? Continents at high latitudes provide a setting in which large ice sheets can form. How does the rate of seafloor spreading affect sea level? Faster spreading produces broader ridges that displace water out of the oceans. What is the depth of wave base? the depth to which wave action extends Which of the features labeled on this figure is a kettle? B 9/9