Answers Quiz 1

Ans-Quiz 1 EHS 110 Fall 2018 1. Global population is projected to be about ________ in 2050. A) 7 billion B) 8 billion C) 9 billion D) 11 billion E) 13 billion 2. The scientific method ________. A) results in conclusions based on speculation B) cannot prove a hypothesis to be true C) results in the proving of a theory D) now has been replaced by a widely accepted shortcut that is less time-consuming and less expensive E) involves testing observations to derive a working hypothesis 3.To determine your specific impacts on the environment, you can ________. A) measure local air pollution and its impacts on your health B) calculate the biodiversity of your local community C) determine your community's impact on water quality in a nearby river D) calculate your ecological footprint E) determine your environmental handprint 4. A hypothesis is ________. A) a prediction about something that has not yet been observed B) a statement that explains an observed phenomenon or answers a question C) an instrument that is used to examine environmental conditions D) the design of an experiment that can be used in scientific enquiry E) a proven scientific fact 5. Geothermal energy, wind energy, and solar radiation are all examples of ________. A) nonrenewable resources B) renewable environmental resources C) biotic environmental factors D) biodiversity E) biodegradable materials 6. Ecosystem services ________. A) contribute to keeping ecosystems productive B) are actions humans must take in order to protect and serve ecological systems C) are economically valuable services provided by natural systems D) are valuable to natural systems but not to human-created systems E) are required to rebalance natural systems that we have disturbed 7. Which of the following lists the steps of the scientific method in correct order? A) Hypothesis → Prediction → Questions → Test → Observations → Results B) Questions → Prediction → Hypothesis → Observations → Test → Results C) Hypothesis → Prediction → Questions → Observations → Test → Results D) Observations → Questions → Hypothesis → Prediction → Test → Results E) Questions → Observations → Prediction → Hypothesis → Test → Results 8. Which of the following best describes the industrial revolution? people beginning to grow crops, domesticate animals, and live sedentary lives a. fewer people living healthier, longer lives b. more rural communities with closer ties to organic farming techniques c. an urban society with increased access to goods and fossil fuel use 9. The main advantage of observational studies and natural experiments over manipulative studies is that natural experiments ___________. a. show causation b. can prove hypotheses c. care able to test hypotheses in the field and with large study areas d. always limit the independent variables to one 10. Which statement describes or follows from the concept of sustainability? a. Sustainability means that we regenerate degraded ecosystems. b. Human population must decline for the foreseeable future to maintain Earth's natural resources. c. An example of sustainable use is that the forests that we have today will be preserved and not used for human consumption. d. An example of sustainable use is that water extracted from underground resources must be equal to or less than the water that recharges the underground resources. 11. Of the following, which can be depleted if overused a. wave energy b. water c. sunlight d. wind 12. The following statement is an example of a(n) __________: “People in Japan eat more fish on average than do people of other countries.” a. observation b. hypothesis c. theory d. conclusion 13. Which of the following is a scientific theory? a. “Aspirin reduces the risk of heart attack.” b. “All organisms are composed of similar units of organization called cells.” c. “Students who sleep better at night do better on their exams than those who do not.” d. “I think my skin itches because I switched to a new body soap.” 14. When scientists determined that Earth was round rather than flat, this was a ___________. a. cyclical shift b. sustainable solution c. hypothesis d. paradigm shift 15. Which of the following choices best describes the elements of our environment? a. all the living things around us b. rocks, clouds, ice caps, and soil c. all the living things and nonliving things in the environment around us d. all the nonliving things around us 16. Along with population growth, which of the following choices is a major root of the environmental problems caused by humans? a. our sustainable development practices b. our reforestation projects c. our exploitation and consumption of resources d. our renewable energy initiatives 17. An anthropocentric worldview would consider the impact of an action on… ? a. Humans only b. Animals only c. Plants only d. All living things e. All nonliving things 18. Which is NOT an application of science? a. Policy decisions b. Technologies c. Experimental results d. Management practices 19. What do you think is the best way to combat the “tragedy of the commons”? a. Sell the commons into private hands, so owners have incentive to manage resources. b. Have government regulate the amount of resources individuals take from the commons. c. Have users work out cooperative systems among themselves to police resource use. d. All of the above 20. Which of the following is true regarding the ecological footprint concept calculated by Wackernagel and the Global Footprint Network? a. Our ecological footprint decreased following the industrial revolution. b. Nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels are not part of the footprint calculation. c. The average ecological footprint is so high that we are experiencing an overshoot of Earth’s capacity. d. The ecological footprint is higher in populations that are less afÒuent.