Drugs Affecting the Renal-Urinary and Cardiovascular Systems

Drugs Affecting the Renal/Urinary and Cardiovascular S stems IDENTIFYING DRUGS ВУ USE Match the drUg name with its usc. Drug Names 1. _А __ Hydrocbloro11,jazide --+- 2. __fu_ Quiпidine 3. Simvnstatin 4. _f __ Nitroglycerin } 5. � Trospium cbloridc 6. JL Tamsulosin Drug Use Jt.. Diuretics j( jZ: j1. � Benign prostatic hyperplas,a Overactive Ыadder НМG-СоА reductase inhibltors (statins) Antihypertensive У. Antianginal (jt. Antidysrhylhmic 7. --�- Quinapril DRUG CATEGORIES Match the description with each of the drug categories. Drug Categories Description 8. _m__ Slows the conduction of impulses through the heart 9. I О. В Relaxes smooth muscle tissue in the prostate gland, the neck of --- the Ыadder, and the шethra Ьу binding to the alpha-l adrenergic receptors, p]acing Jess pressure on the urethra and improving urine fiow _J)___ Lowers Ыооd LDL levels Ьу s]owing liver production of cholesterol 11. _А__ Lowers Ыооd pressure Ьу increasing urine output and preventing water, sodium, potassium, and cЫoride from heing reabsorЬed back into the Ыооd 12. Jf: Thiazides �- Se\ective alpha-1 Ыockers fZ: Urinary antispasmodics р{_ НМG-СоА reductase inhibitors (statins) Calcium cbannel Ыockers У Nitrates Sodium cbanne\ Ыockers L 9'- __I__ inDecreases Ыооd pressure Ьу relaxing vascular smooth muscle the coronary and systernic arteries, leading to decreased peripheraJ resistancc f__ Increases oxygen to the heart, enahling it to pump more easily 13. __ 14. _с___ muscle, lnhiЬits involuntary nerve-induced contractions of the detrusor relaxing Ыaddcr and holding more urine IDENTIFYING SIDE/ADVERSE EFFECTS 15. Which ofthe following are side effects and/or adverse effectspf diuretic drugs? Check al1 that apply. а. 1/ Urinary urgency and urinary frequency Ь. Flare-ups of gout с. __ Low magnesium d. _:L_ Dchydmtion -Т 16. Which of the following are side effe:cts and/or adverse effects of НМG-СоА reductase inhibitor.; (stalins)'? Check al1 that арр\у. а. ±Acid reBux Ь. Sore throa1 с. Jaundice d. __ Muзcle lxeakdown r 17. Wluch of the foUowing are side effects aлd/o ad­ verse effec1s of nonstatin ш1til 1yper!ipide111ic drugs? Check;ill that app ly. а. _1/_ Gcmfibrozil .шd fenofibrnte сз,1 causc k.idney failure and chclelit/1iasis (gallstones). Ь. __ Bile acid seques1ran1s increase abSOfPUOП f o fat-soluЫe vitanuлs (А, D, Е, апd К). с. __ Niaci.n usc сап causeflusl1i.11g (red color in thc face мd neck). d. __ Bile acid scquestr:шts сап cause Ыооd clotting. ✓ 18. Which of the following are side effects aщl/or ad­ verse effects of a11tihype11ens ive drugs? Check alJ tl1at apply. а. Calc,шn channel Ыockers also work as diuretics. Ь. __ Bera Ыockers саа cause bronchocons!ric­ tion, which is а proЫem for patients wilh asthma. с. __ Most anti h ypen.cnsive drugs сал cau!:e diz­ ziness when the patien! changes positions. d. __ Patients тау experience а dramaric drop in Ыооd pressure. ✓ J 19. Whjch of thc IOHowmg are sшс сне"'� и.�,..., .... -vers ffects of nitrates? Check all tha! apply. 1 а. Tl1robbing headaches caused Ьу rap,d Ыood-vessel dilation in the hcad Ь. _:/__ Severe postural hypcrtension when а person suddenly stands up с. __ Reflex tachycardia (rapid beartbeat) or paradoxical bradycardia d. __ Vitamin В deficiency ✓ 20. Which of the followi11g arc sidc effects and/or adverse effec of inotropic drugs? Check aU that apply . if These drugs сап produce toxins within the а. body. Ь. __ Symptoms of toxins include allergic reш:t:ions to nuts and dairy. с. __ F.arly signs of toxins in infзnts and the elderly include an unusuaUy rapid heartЬeat. Children often experience hyperactivity d. and euphoria. OESCRIBE PATIENT AND FAMILY TEACHING For each of the foUowing drug types, follow the examplc providcd and list at least three items you should teach patients and families regarding drug use. 21. Diuretics ■ Таkе the drug exnctly o.s prescribed. Do not skip or douЫe doses. Your responses • Doses are taku) �est eo.rly in the da� -to avoid _ Цffectinj s\eepinз ai ni9ht. • Uv"e v"l.m!l'creen? protec/-ive. c.lott1i119 -h, avoid .Sll--1h i rrit-ation 4 nd JtJnburn becau.se of photD.sensitivrty. 22. НМG-СоА Reductase fuhibitors (Statins) ■ Lifestyle changes such as exercise, а low-cholesterol diet, and good weight maaagement are just as important while e you are takiлg the statins to belp pr venr cardiovascular disease. Mat:e no-te._ of +he гщmmendв:J best time Of day +о ta�e. '/ОЦГ statit1 and +ate ,t 1Н tne SQl'\1€ time. ейс.h day. . • Лvо, d q r ape.fruit juice baause thi$ can cause the dr цЭ +о cюumulate Ьload o.nd 1ncrease riSI: fм -roxlc in ➔he e(f щs . • f:°!e:pec-f ed Stde e.ffe.c,ts: headacrie. ,up",e r t �h,mllCh,Qn 23.NiacшorNicotinicAcid d m,1 · d aehiness. Yourresponses. ■ Take the drug at the tinJe prescriЬed Ьecause timiлg is important for cholesterol -lowering drugs. Your responses • No1if1 НС.Р and '/аuг pharrnacщ +h t а 'iOU аге t a�t. l'"'\a " cho\e .so н, Q t t hey (Qrefцlly rev st е.го 1 • lower,rэ .J /ew drц . teгaQi.ons w,it) . .э _in Ofuer druэ s �ou tttlte. • Notify Нср '. f уоц h ave at1y .s13n1ficant .sid e. e,ff� • u-s. Your drUjJ r>o NDT Сцг е you,r ,,i9 "' h Cholestиol probl em. drua J \J, V'flty �IIUUIU �1apc.11u1L JLII\.,\.. 1,v� vv u-,..,._. ,,,_...,,, ..._ patient is given statins? ).1,,.Increases liver tox.icity \!:)Increases concent:ration in Ыооd. pronюting tox.ic side effect с. Decreases the effectiveness о[ sшtiнs, resuJting i11 poor perfor111ance d. Causes anaphylnctic slюck in some patients 7 ..,д_:,w does ezetimiЬe Jower cholesterol? (.V Limits Lhe absor])tion of cholesterol from food or other souп:es Ь. Destroys cholesterol cells attacbed ю the intestinal "'all с. Вlocks cbolesterol from entering the caroiac system d. Limits tile aЫlity or cbolestcrol cel!s to rcproduce within tЬе body 8. The Joint National Committee on tbe Prevention, Detection. Evaluation. and Treatment of High В\ооd Pressure recommends Ьest practices for hyperten­ sion management, Before Ьegiлning drug therapy, what does the Commission recomrnend as the first attempt in reducing hypenensioл? а. Stress rcducti.on Ь. Vits.miп supplements А Surgica.1 iлtervention 1..О;) Lifestyle modification 9. Before teaching а patient about possiЫe changes he or she can make to reduce high Ыооd pressure, you need to assess modifiahle and nonmodifiaЫe risk facюrs, Which of the following is а попmоdiбаЫе risk factor? а. Smoldng Ь. Levels of physicaJ activity Гс) Race Y.Diet 10. WЬat is the usual cause of а myocardial infarction? а. Comorbldities such as renal failure Ь. Rapid beartЬeat рп а daily Ьa.sis � Rcduction of Ыооd flow to the heart muscle У. Niacin deficiency ••• bl��d·p-,������. ;��; belo; �hich of ·the following readings? {;j) 90/60 Ь. 110/60 с. 120/65 d. 100/70 12. Which term is used to describe iпegu]ar heartЬeat rbythm? а. Anhythmia (Ь) Dysrhythmia У. Angithythmia d. CardiothyL!шua 13. W11en assessing patients prior to giving digox.in, what is one of tЬе condblons you пееd to manage? а. Ensure the patient is getting sufficient oxygen to the Ьloodst:rearn. Ь. Ensure the patient's heart rate is 59 or Ье\оw. lc.\Ensure the patient's heart rate is 60 or аЬоvе. У. Ensure !hat patient's magnesium level i., normal. 14. How can you monitor а nursing-homc patient wbo is taking diurctics to cnsure he doesn't Ьесоmе hydrated7 � Weigh the patient on а daily hasis. Test the skin for flexibility. с. Ensure LЬе patient drinks 64 ounces of water per day. d. Reeord еасЬ time the patient urinates and monitor the amount. 15. Sbou]d stntins Ье given in tЬе evening or in the moming? а. AII statins sbould Ье given in the morning. Ь. lt does not matter at what time of day statins are given as long as it is done consistently. lt varies Ьу the type of drug prescribed. It is preferaЬ!e to give statins at Ьedtime. cp