Key Concepts of Meiosis and Chromosomal Organization

Bio Chapter 9 Question Select all of the following that describe a homologous pair of chromosomes. A single molecule of DNA and its associated proteins form a A diploid cell is indicated by what abbreviation? Select all the organisms that can produce gametes for sexual reproduction. The abbreviation n or 1n represents a _______ cell. Two chromosomes with the same size, centromere location, and gene sequence are called a(n) _________ pair Located in the ovaries and testes of animals, specialized cells called germ cells are ______ and undergo meiosis to produce ______. How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis? In animals, specialized diploid cells that undergo meiosis are called Answer -can have different alleles -same light and dark banding patterns -same size Chromosome 2n -ferns -bread molds -humans Haploid homologous diploid; gametes 2 Germ Cells -produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes Select all of the following that are true about meiosis. as compared to somatic cells -includes two cell divisions creates four haploid cells from one diploid cell Select all of the mechanisms that generate genetic -Random Fertilization -Crossing Over -Random orientation variability in sexual organisms. of chromosomes Crossing over is the process in which homologous chromosomes physically exchange pieces. Dividing cells that contain only one chromosome from each homologous pair lined up singly at the Meiosis II equator of the cell must be undergoing: -results in 2 daughter cells -starts with a diploid cell and Select all of the following that describe mitosis. results in diploid cells What is a cell with a complete extra set of polyploid chromosomes called? Crossing over is the process in which homologous chromosomes physically exchange pieces. Select all of the following that can result from -failed development due to missing genetic material nondisjunction in humans. trisomy -an extra copy of a chromosome What occurs when chromosomes do not separate nondisjunction during meiotic divisions? Nondisjunction of the ______ chromosome during meiosis can produce offspring that are XXX or XXY. X Chromosomal __________ is an abnormality that results in the loss of one or more genes from a deletion chromosome. In human males, specialized cells that are diploid and primary spermatocytes. will enter meiosis I are called Select all of the following that are true about primary -produced by mitosis of spermatogonium -will enter spermatocytes. meiosis I -diploid Select all of the following that are true about -specialize into mature sperm -haploid -equal-sized spermatids. Select all of the following that are true about primary -produced by mitosis -diploid -will enter meiosis I oocytes. In human males, specialized cells that are diploid and primary spermatocytes. will enter meiosis I are called A crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. material between..... Crossing over can occur during what phase of Prophase I meiosis? If crossing over occurs between a homologous pair of chromosomes during meiosis, what will be present in the gametes? Random orientation of homologous chromosomes occurs in ________ of meiosis. What pulls the chromosomes of a homologous pair to opposite poles? Centromeres divide in What describes meiosis II in humans? Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they occur during meiosis I. What is examples of Haploid Cells? What are examples of Diploid Cells? Each daughter cell produced in meiosis has The number of cells produced in meiosis is What is a correct sequence of cells in spermatogenesis? Then, in a process called random orientation, homologous chromosomes align _______-file at the center of the cell and then separate. Some chromatids will have parental combinations of alleles, and some chromatids will be recombinant. Metaphase I Spindle Fibers mitosis and meiosis II haploid → haploid 1. Synapsis 2. Crossing Over 3. Random orientation along equator of cell 4. Separation of homologous chromosomes Gamete, Egg Cell, Sperm Cell Germ Cell, Somatic Cell, Zygote half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. twice the number of cells produced in mitosis. spermatogonium → primary spermatocyte → secondary spermatocyte double