History and Techniques of Permanent Waving

University:
Fashion Institute of Technology
Course:
SC 146 | Basic Chem For Cosmetic Frag
Academic year:

2022
Views:

144

Pages:

2
Author:

Alma Stephenson

Stack #901692 Question The first machine capable of producing permanent curl was invented in The inventor of the first permanent wave machine was 1938 Arnold f. willatt inventened the first Heat waves that are self-timed and self-heated are called Acid waves that require the application of heat are What type of wave uses thioglycolic acid or its derivatives with ammonia and processes the hair without heat The overlap method of wrapping hair around a perm tool is also called To achieve the desired curl formation hair should wrap around the rod at least how many times What type of rods produce a large curl pattern on either side and a smaller curl in the center What type of rods produce small firm curls the most common end paper technique used to avoid bunching at the ends is the the base is defined as the area between two The most common base control for perming is a/an in perming a one base size is a larger base size will have which of the following effects on the curl to achieve maximum volume which tool position should be used which tool position is used in perimeter areas where closeness is desired the tool positioned used when only a minimum degree of volume is desired is the What element do most acid waves use along with tension and waving lotion to process hair what structure must be permanently broken to change the hair from a straight to a curly state what procedure removes the excess waving lotion alkaline waves carry a ph of Neutralizing is also known as what procedure reduces the swelling of the hair and hardens the bonds into the new size and shape during a perm process hydrogen peroxide sodium perborate or sodium bromate are commonly used in which waving solution is not recommended for porous or damaged hair low ph alkaline waves have a ph of acid waves have a ph of hair must be wrapped without tension when using wrapping with even tension when using an acid wave produces the effect of it is essential to completely rinse the perm solution before applying leaving the neutralizer on longer than recommended can which waving solution has the shortest processing time acid perms create what term refers to the hairs ability to absorb moisture liquids and chemicals The hairs ability to stretch and return to its original shape is called thio-free perms use what as a reducing agent which perm wrap is considered the most basic perm wrap pattern rods to large for the desired curl can cause too much hair on a rod can cause the physical and chemical process of making straight hair curly use heat tension control and a weaving lotion to process hair Answer 1905 Charles Nessler cold wave exothermic endothermic Cold croquignole 2 1/2 concave small diameter rods double paper partings half off base equal to the diameter of perm rod reduce strength on base underdirected off base heat disulfide bonds rinsing 8.0 - 9.5 rebonding applying neutralizer neutralizers alkaline 8 6.9 - 7.2 alkaline waves increases processing time neutralizer cause damage alkaline soft natural curls porosity elasticity cystemine hydrocholoride rectangle a limp curl an uneven curl pattern permanent waving acid waves