University:
Franklin University
Course:
CHEM-217 | General Chemistry II
Academic year:

2019
Views:

79

Pages:

37
Author:

SpaceSpecter

1 BIOENERGETICS 2 Outlines Bioenergetics Reaction energy Energy production 3 Free energy change in a reaction P Reactant Product Free energy R ΔG : Free energy change 4 ΔG<0• Exergonic reaction• ΔG>0• • Endergonic reaction ΔG=0• Reaction is in equilibrium• • ΔG Free energy change • ΔG0 Free energy change in standard situation • ΔG0’ Free energy change in standard situation 6 Free energy change in multiple successive reactions A B C ΔG0’ (A → C) = ΔG0’ (A → B) + ΔG0’ (B → C) 7 A B C coupling D 11 8 Free energy change of coupled reactions 9 10 11 Hydrolysis and phosphorylation of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi ΔG0’= -7.3 Kcal/mol (-30.5 KJ/mol) 12 ATP-ADP cycle aerobic anaerobic 13 substrate level -1 phosphorylation oxidative -2 phosphorylation How is ATP ?synthesized 14 substrate level phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation Amino acids e- e- e- e- glucose Fatty acid ATP Acetyl CoA Krebs cycle ADP ATP ½O2+2H+ NADH FADH2 e- Electron transport chain eH2 O 16 17 Oxidation and reduction 18 NAD acts as a shuttle for H+ in oxidationreduction reactions 19 Enzymes and coenzymes in oxidationreduction reactions Coenzymes •NAD •FAD •FMN •NADP Enzymes • Dehydrogenases • Reductases • Oxidases oxidative phosphorylation Amino acids e- e- e- e- glucose Fatty acid ATP Acetyl CoA Krebs cycle ADP ATP ½O2+2H+ NADH FADH2 e- Electron transport chain eH2 O 21 Electron transport chain 22 Electron transport chain (respiratory chain) 23 Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) 24 Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) 25 Complex II (FADH2-Ubiquinon reductase) 26 27 Complex III (Ubiquinone cytochrome c reductase) 28 Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) 29 Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) 30 Proton gradient 31 Oxidative phosphorylation 32 ATP syntase 33 ATP syntase Oligomycin 34 Uncoupling separation of proton translocation from ATP synthesis (uncoupler protein) ‫﮴ ﺮﻣﻮژ﮲﮵ ﮟ‬ 2,4 ‫﮲‬ dinitrophenol H+ DNP H+ 35 OH NO2 2 ,-d 4 in itro p h e n o l NO2 36 Inhibitors of electron transport chain Rotenone malonate Antimycin A HCN CO H2 S 37 ATP and ADP transport across mitochondrial membrane atractyloside