The Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) Shunt

Pentose phosphale Pathoray →Hexese momophosphate shunt CHMP) OR Pentose phosphate Es an alternative Pathway Pathway on phosphogluconate pathway enzymes of HMP shunt are The ones located in the cytosol. → Herose monophosphale shunt has two Primary tuncleom 14 To Provida. NADPH for reductive biosynthesis and 2) To Provide ribose-6-phosphale fore nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis. →The requence of reactions of HMP sh shont es divided Ento two phases oxidative & non-oridalive phase 2y oxidative phase (Irreversible) → Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an NADP-dependent enzyme that Converts glucose 6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolacetone → The latten is then hydrolysed by the gluconolactonase to 6-Phosphogluconate →The next reaction is catalyzed by to Produce. Envolving the synthests e Theses of NADPH 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 3-kelo. 6-phosphogluconate which then undergoes decarboxylation to give rcibulose-5-phosphat. The Nef result of the oxidative phase. Es generation of a moles of NADPH, Oxidation of one courbon to ca and synther's of Imole of pentose phosphate. (Feg- oxidative phase of the centose phosphate pathizcay) (3 (Glucose-6-P) 6 NADAT GNHDAY 3 (Rebulose-5P}; $C02]) Note im partese phosphate palaczay, oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate In utélices Happt rather than HAD and Produce coz cohereas 1 glycolyblée Pross ofzlezes NAD" and does not Preduce cog. similarly no ATP Es generated in the Pentese Phosphate Pathway glycolysis whereas if is a major Product of Cty Non oxidative phase (Reversible) → on exidative phase, three molecules of glucose-6-phospho (GEP) give rise to three molecules of cogand three five carbon sugant →These are ans arranged to regenerate. glucose-6-phosphate and one. foco molecules of molecule of Phosphate (G3P) in non-oxidative phase glycoxaldehyder →The non-oxidatere reactions cuce concerned with the Entoxconversion of 3.4.5 and 7 carbon monosaccharide →Ribulose-6-phosphate (RusP) is acted upon by an epimerase to Produce xylulose-5-phosphate (xurp) cohile phospho pentose isomerase, converts cibulase 5-phosphate to ribose 5-phosphate (R5P). →The. Powo onzymes unique to the pentose phosphal pathway act in interconversions of 3.415 and 7 carbon monosaccharide, franskellase and trans/dolas →Transhetolase and transidolave catalyze traster of a-c and. 8-c moleculare fragment respectively. →In each case from a ketose donore to an aldose acceptor. of there enzymes should be changed. since →The name of. treansk etolare Calternative name glycoaldehyde transferasy actually transters an att aldol močety and transaldolase acwboatly actually transfers a ketd moiety →However, the traditional enzyme names are used i used here. Transketolase employs thiamine pyrophosphate as a coonzyme 3 Rébulosas P 12 Glucose 6-P + Glyceraldehyde 3-p GGP GPG RUEP XU5P S7P EYP FEPG6P GOP GPGRUGP R5P G3P Tran aldolwe GEP 93P GGP 6PG RUGP XU5P ketolare Fly Flow chanel of perdore phosphate. 10 Pathesay. GEPL lalucose-6-p phosphate).. (6-phosphogluconale) 6PG (6 RusP (Rebulose-s-phosphate). Xusp (xylulose-5-phosphate) ASP (Ribose-5-phosphate), G3P (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphata EYP (Erythrose-4-Phosphate), 57PC, secloheptulose-7-phaseha Function of puntose phosphate Pathways > NADPH from the Pentoso phosphate Pathaway Seaves as asa a source of electrons for the reduction of molecules during biecynthesis. → The patheray synthesizes 48 5 carbon sugars bon a varisky of Purposes amfarmediates in the pentosel • pentose phosphate pathax In the may be Used to Produce ATP. • Glyceraldehyde. 3. Phosphate from Pathway can enter the three-carbon stage of carbon stage of the glycolytec Patharay and be convented to ATP and Pyruvale 14 Fermentation nd Product of. In the absence of oxy the absence of oxygen, it undergoes anaerobic respiamb on krmentation cohereas in the presence of oxygen Etenters the aerobic respiration Anacuebolic respiration is detterent treom termentation →in anacrebic respiration, final electron acceptore in the electron transport chain is an Emorganic molecule other than of leke nitrate sultate, carbonate cohereas termentation is an anacrobic energy yielding process of is of sot & types ey Lactic acid I formentation aced tormen Ely Alcoholic forementation y Lactic acid tormentation Lactic tormentation Occurs En murale cell and some, bacterial ceu line lactobacillus cohich Produce lactic aced from Pyruvate in Pran Presence of enzyme lactic acid dehydrogenase whore NADA is Utilized Glucose Glyalysis 2 pyruvate CH-NADH MAD CH Lactate CH3-C-C-0 dehydrogenase dehydrogenase Ladake Pyruvate