Basic Physics and Scientific Reasoning Quiz Answers

ANSWER KEY 1) A 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) C 8) C 9) D 10) C 11) A 12) A 13) B 14) A 15) D 16) E 17) C 18) D 19) A 20) C 21) D 22) D 23) C 24) B 25) B 26) D 27) D 28) C 29) B 30) A A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 31) B 32) C 33) C 34) C 35) B 36) A 37) B 38) C 39) A 40) B 41) B 42) B 43) B 44) C 45) C 46) B 47) B 48) C 49) C 50) A 51) A 52) B 53) A 54) A 55) B 56) A 57) D 58) D 59) D 60) B 61) C 62) D 63) B 64 ) D 65) B 66) C 67) A 68) C 69) B 70) A 71) A 72) B 73 ) B 74) B 75) C 76) C 77) C 78) D 79) C 80) A 81) B A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 82) A 83) B 84) C 85) C 86) B 87) C 88) B 89) B 90) C 91) D 92) B 93) A 94) A 95) D 96) B 97) A 98) B 99)A 100) B 101) A 102) B 103)B 104)B 105)A 106)B 107) A 108)B 109) C 110) A 111)B 112)B 113) B 114 ) C 115) B 116) B 117) A 118) A 119) D 120) B 121) A 122) E 123 ) C 124) B 125) D 126) C 127) C 128) C A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 1) Scientific hypothesis may turn out to be right or it may turn out to be wrong. If it is a valid hypothesis, there must be a test for proving it---A) wrong. B) right. 2) In science, a theory is ------A) a synthesis of a large body of well-tested knowledge. B) less than a fact. C) unchangeable. D) an educated guess. 3) A man weighing 1000 N stands at rest on two bathroom scales so that his weight is distributed evenly over both scales. The reading on each scale is A) 200 N. B) 1000 N. C) 500 N. D) none of these 4). If no external forces are acting on a moving object, it will A) continue moving at the same speed. B) continue moving at the same velocity. C) move slower and slower until it finally stops. 5) A ball is thrown upwards and returns to the same position. Compared with its original speed after release, its speed when it returns is about -------A) twice as much. B) half as much. C) the same. D) four times as much. 6) Neglecting friction, a large block of ice and a small block of ice start sliding down an incline together. The heavier block will get to the bottom ------A) after the light block. B) before the light block. C) at the same time as the light block. 7). Ten seconds after starting from rest, a car is moving at 40 m/s. What is the car's acceleration ? A) 0.25 m/s2 B) 4.0 m/s C) 4.0 m/s2 D) 10 m/s2 E) 40 m/s 8). A kilogram is a measure of an object's A) weight. B) force. C) mass. 1 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 D) size. 9). An object is propelled along a straight-line path in space by a force. If the mass of the object somehow becomes twice as much, its acceleration A) quadruples. B) doubles. C) stays the same. D) halves. E) none of these 10). The weight of a 1-kg mass at the Earth's surface is about A) 1 kg. B) 4.9 N. C) 10 N. D) 100 N. E) none of these 11). While an object near the Earth's surface is in free fall, its A) velocity increases. B) acceleration increases. C) mass increases. D) velocity decreases. 12). A ball is thrown upwards from the surface of the earth at the speed 10m/s. It returns to the same position. How long does it stay in the air (neglect the air resistance)? A) 2s B) 4s C) 5s D) 0s 13). Whenever the net force on an object is zero, its acceleration A) may be less than zero. B) is zero. C) may be more than zero 14) Two tennis balls fall through the air from a tall building. One of them is filled with lead pellets. In presence of air-resistance, the ball to reach the ground first is the ---A) lead-filled ball. B) regular ball. C) same for both 15) Compared to a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much ---A) inertia. B) volume. C) mass. D) all of these E) none of these 2 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 16) The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are -----A) distance and acceleration. B) velocity and time. C) acceleration and time. D) velocity and distance. E) distance and time. 17) A player hits a ball with a bat. The action force is the impact of the bat against the ball. The reaction to this force is the A) air resistance on the ball. B) weight of the ball. C) force that the ball exerts on the bat. D) grip of the player's hand against the ball. E) weight of the bat. 18) A 5 kg ball has a acceleration of 2 m/s2. The the magnitude of the force responsible for producing this acceleration is A) 3 N B) 4 N C) 10 kg D) 10 N E) none of these 19) Which is the following is not a vector quantity? A. Mass B. Weight C. Force D. Acceleration E. None of these 20) A ball is thrown upwards and returns to the same position. Compared with its original speed after release, its speed when it returns is about -------A) twice as much. B) half as much. C) the same. D) four times as much. 21) A sheet of paper can be withdrawn from under a container of milk without toppling it if the paper is jerked quickly. This best demonstrates that A) the milk carton has no acceleration. B) there is an action-reaction pair of forces. C) gravity tends to hold the milk carton secure. D) the milk carton has inertia. E) none of these 22) An object in mechanical equilibrium is an object A) at rest. B) moving with constant velocity. 3 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 C) having no acceleration. D) all of these 23) The force of friction on a sliding object is 10 N. The applied force needed to maintain a constant velocity is A) more than 10 N. B) less than 10 N. C) 10 N. 24) An object at rest near the surface of a distant planet starts to fall freely. If the acceleration due to gravity there is twice that of the Earth, its speed one second later would be A) 10 m/s. B) 20 m/s. C) 30 m/s. D) 40 m/s. 25) If an object moves with constant acceleration, its velocity must A) be constant also. B) change by the same amount each second. C) change by varying amounts depending on its speed. D) always decrease. 26) In each second of fall, the distance a freely falling object will fall is A) about 5 m. B) about 10 m. C) the same, but not 5 m or 10 m. D) increasing. E) none of these 27) While a car travels around a circular track at a constant speed, its A) acceleration is zero. B) velocity is zero. C) inertia is zero. D) none of the above 28)Disregarding air resistance, objects fall with constant A) velocity. B) speed. C) acceleration. D) distances each successive second. 29) Your weight is A) equal to your mass. B) the gravitational attraction force between you and the Earth. C) a property of mechanical equilibrium. D) all of these 4 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 30) The newton (N) is a unit of A) force. B) mass. C) density. D) inertia. 31) If an object's mass is decreasing while a constant force is applied to the object, the acceleration A) decreases. B) increases. C) remains the same. 32) A 10-N falling object encounters 4 N of air resistance. The net force on the object is A) 0 N. B) 4 N. C) 6 N. D) 10 N. E) none of these 33)An apple at rest weighs 1 N. The net force on the apple when it is in free fall is A) 0 N. B) 0.1 N. C) 1 N. D) 9.8 N. E) none of these 34) If a non-rotating object has no acceleration, then we can say for certain that it is A) at rest. B) moving at constant non-zero velocity. C) in mechanical equilibrium. D) all of these E) none of these 35) If the mass of an object does not change, a constant net force on the object produces constant A) velocity. B) acceleration. C) both of these D) neither of these 36) The mass of a pet turtle that weighs 10 N is A) about 1 kg. B) about 10 kg. C) about 100 kg. D) about 1000 kg. E) none of these 37) An object following a straight-line path at constant speed 5 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 A) has a net force acting upon it in the direction of motion. B) has zero acceleration. C) has no forces acting on it. D) none of these 38) A rock is thrown vertically into the air. At the very top of its trajectory the net force on it is A) less than its weight. B) more than its weight. C) equal to its weight. 39) If more horizontal force is applied to a sliding object than is needed to maintain a constant velocity A) the object accelerates in the direction of the applied force. B) the object accelerates opposite the direction of the applied force. C) the friction force increases. D) two of the above E) none of the above 40) When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is A) constant. B) zero. C) g. 41) A skydiver jumps from a high-flying plane. As her velocity of fall increases, her acceleration A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains unchanged regardless of air resistance. 42) A heavy rock and a light rock of the same size are falling through the air from a tall building. The one that encounters the greatest air resistance is the A) light rock. B) heavy rock. C) same for both 43) A player catches a ball. Consider the action force to be the impact of the ball against the player's glove. The reaction to this force is the A) player's grip on the glove. B) force the glove exerts on the ball. C) friction of the ground against the player's shoes. D) muscular effort in the player's arms. E) none of these 44) A person is attracted toward the center of Earth by a 500-N gravitational force. The Earth is attracted toward the person with a force of A) zero. B) 250 N. 6 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 C) 500 N. D) 1000 N. 45) A car traveling at 100 km/hr strikes an unfortunate bug and splatters it. The force of impact is A) greater on the bug. B) greater on the car. C) the same for both. 46) It is correct to say that impulse is equal to A) momentum. B) the change in momentum it produces. C) the force multiplied by the distance the force acts. D) velocity multiplied by time. 47) A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same speed but has twice as much mass, its momentum is A) zero. B) doubled. C) quadrupled. D) unchanged. 48) Two objects have the same size and shape, but one is much heavier than the other. When they are dropped simultaneously from a tower, they reach the ground at the same time, but the heavier one has a greater A) speed. B) acceleration. C) momentum. D) all of these E) none of these 49) Compared to falling on a stone floor, a wine glass may not break when it falls on a carpeted floor because the A) carpeted floor provides a smaller impulse. B) stopping time is shorter on the carpet. C) stopping time is longer on the carpet. D) carpet provides a smaller impulse and a longer time. 50) A 4 kg ball has a momentum of 12 kg m/s. What is the ball's speed? A) 3 m/s B) 4 m/s C) 12 m/s D) 48 m/s E) none of these 51) A heavy truck and a small car rolling down a hill at the same speed are forced to stop in the same amount of time. Compared to the force that stops the car, the force needed to stop the truck is A) greater. 7 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 B) smaller. C) the same. 52) A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides with and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball initially at rest. The bowling ball and putty then move with a momentum of A) 0 kg m/s. B) 1 kg m/s. C) 2 kg m/s. D) 5 kg m/s. E) more than 5 kg m/s. 53) Two billiard balls having the same mass and speed roll toward each other. What is their combined momentum after they meet? A) 0 B) half the sum of their original momentums C) twice the sum of their original momentums D) impossible to determine without additional information 54) If you push for a half hour or a whole hour against a stationary wall A) no work on the wall is done in either case. B) half as much work is done during the half hour. C) twice as much work is done during the half hour. D) it is impossible to determine how much work is done. 55) If an object is raised twice as high, its potential energy will be A) half as much B) twice as much. C) four times as much. D) impossible to determine unless the time is given. 56) An object that has kinetic energy must be A) moving. B) falling. C) at an elevated position. D) at rest. E) none of these 57) An object may have potential energy because of its A) speed. B) acceleration. C) momentum. D) position. E) none of these 58) When an automobile is braked to a stop, its kinetic energy is transformed to A) stopping energy. B) energy of motion. C) energy of rest. 8 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 D) heat. 59) A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum kinetic energy at A) the top. B) halfway down. C) three-quarters of the way down. D) the bottom. 60) A block of ice sliding down an incline has its maximum speed at A) the top. B) the bottom. C) halfway down. D) difficult to predict without knowing the slope of the incline E) difficult to predict without knowing the coefficient of friction 61) What task requires the most work; lifting a 50-kg sack 2 meters or lifting a 25-kg sack 4 meters? A) the 50-kg sack B) the 25-kg sack C) Both require the same amount of work. D) impossible to determine without knowing the contents of the sack 62)A TV set is pushed a distance of 2 m with a force of 20 N. How much work is done on the set? A) 2 J B) 10 J C) 20 J D) 40 J E) 800 J 63) Which has greater kinetic energy, a car traveling at 30 km/hr or a car of half the mass traveling at 60 km/hr? A) the 30 km/hr car B) the 60 km/hr car C) Both have the same kinetic energy. D) More information is needed about the distance traveled. 64) A rock is thrown straight up from the surface of the Earth. Which one of the following statements describes the energy transformation of the rock as it rises? Neglect air resistance. A) The total energy of the rock increases. B) The kinetic energy increases and the potential energy decreases. C) Both the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the rock remain the same. D) The kinetic energy decreases and the potential energy increases. E) Both the potential energy and the total energy of the rock increase. 65) A popular swinging-balls apparatus consists of an aligned row of identical elastic balls that are suspended by strings so they barely touch each other. When two balls are 9 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 lifted from one end and released, they strike the row and two balls pop out from the other end. If instead one ball popped out with twice the speed of the two, this would be a violation of conservation of A) momentum. B) energy. C) both of these D) none of these 66) The center of mass of a human body is located at a point A) that is fixed, but different for different people. B) that is always directly behind the belly button. C) that changes as a person bends over. D) none of these 67) The famous Leaning Tower of Pisa doesn't topple over because its center of gravity is A) above a place of support. B) relatively low for such a tall building. C) stabilized by its structure. D) displaced from its center. E) in the same place as its center of mass. 68) A ring, a cylinder, and a solid sphere begin rolling down a hill together. Given that the rotational inertia of the solid sphere is the least and that of the ring is the most , the one to reach the bottom first is the A) ring B) cylinder. C) sphere. D) They all reach the bottom at the same time. E) Not enough information is given. 69) Toss a baseball bat into the air and it wobbles about its A) geometrical center. B) center of mass. C) heavier end. 70) When a twirling ice skater brings her arms inward, her rotational speed A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same. 71) If the Earth had two identical moons in one circular orbit, and the moons were as far apart in that orbit as they could be, the center of gravity of the Earth-moons system would be A) at the center of the Earth. B) inside the Earth, but off center. C) outside the Earth, but within the orbital path of the moons. D) outside the Earth, but beyond the orbital path of the moons. 10 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 72) A baseball bat is balanced on a fulcrum. The center of gravity of the bat is located A) closer to the handgrip. B) above the fulcrum. C) insufficient information 73) Inside a freely falling elevator, there would be no A) gravitational force on you. B) apparent weight for you. C) both of these D) none of these 74) According to Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the A) less the gravitational force between them. B) greater the gravitational force between them. C) greater the force between them by the square of the masses. 75) According to Newton, doubling the distance between two interacting objects A) divides by 2 the gravitational force between them. B) multiplies by 2 the gravitational force between them. C) divides by 4 the gravitational force between them. D) multiplies by 4 the gravitational force between them. 76) Passengers in a high-flying jumbo jet feel their normal weight in flight, while passengers in the orbiting space shuttle do not. This is because passengers in the space shuttle are A) beyond the main pull of Earth's gravity. B) above the Earth's atmosphere. C) without support forces. D) all of these E) none of these 77) The reason the moon does not crash into the Earth is that the A) Earth's gravitational field is weak at the moon. B) gravitational pull of other planets keeps the moon up. C) moon has a sufficient tangential speed. D) moon has less mass than the Earth. E) none of these 78) According to Kepler's laws, the paths of planets about the sun are A) parabolas. B) circles. C) straight lines. D) ellipses. E) none of these 79) A rock is thrown upward at 50 degrees with respect to the horizontal. As it rises, neglecting air drag, its vertical component of velocity 11 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 A) increases. B) remains unchanged. C) decreases. 80) An Earth satellite is simply a projectile A) freely falling around the Earth. B) floating motionless in space near the Earth. C) approaching the Earth from outer space. 81) An object is dropped and freely falls to the ground with an acceleration of 1 g. If it is thrown upward (neglecting air-resistance) at an angle instead, its acceleration will be A) 0 g. B) 1 g downward. C) 1 g upward. D) larger than 1 g. E) none of these 82) An Earth satellite is in an elliptical orbit. The satellite travels fastest when it is A) nearest the Earth. B) farthest from the Earth. C) It travels at constant speed everywhere in orbit. 83) A bullet is fired horizontally from a gun. At the same time a similar bullet is dropped from the same height. The fired bullet will (neglect air-resistance) A) hit the ground first B) hit at the same time as the dropped bullet C) hit the ground second D) never hit the ground 84) The acceleration due to gravity acts) A) upward B) depending on the motion of the object C) downward D) toward outer space 85) A golfer drives her golf ball from the tee down the fairway in a high arcing shot. When the ball is at the highest point of its flight) A) the velocity and acceleration are both zero B) the x-velocity is zero and the y-velocity is zero C) the x-velocity is non-zero and the y-velocity is zero D) the velocity is non-zero and the acceleration is zero 86) The stretching out of time due to motion is called time A) stretching. B) dilation. C) contraction. D) warp. E) expansion. 12 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 87) When you approach a blinking light source which in turn is moving towards you, you perceive an increase in A) both speed and frequency of the light. B) speed, but not frequency of the light. C) frequency of the light, but not speed. 88) To outside observers, the overall sizes of objects traveling at relativistic speeds are A) larger. B) smaller. C) the same size. 89) When a chocolate bar is cut in half, its density is A) halved. B) unchanged. C) doubled. D) None of the above 90) Which has the greater density, a lake full of water or a cup full of lake water? A) the cup full of lake water B) the lake full of lake water C) Both have the same density. D) It is impossible to tell without knowing the size of the lake. 91) If a loaf of bread is compressed, its A) surface tension becomes less. B) molecules become harder. C) density decreases. D) density increases. E) none of these 92) If the mass of an object were to double while its volume remains the same, its density would A) halve. B) double. C) stay the same. D) become four times as great. 93) An iron block is placed in a furnace where it is heated and consequently expands. In the expanded condition, its density A) is less. B) is the same. C) is more. 94) Compared to the volume of a kilogram of feathers, the volume of a kilogram of lead is A) less. B) more. 13 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 C) the same. 95) The air in this room has A) mass. B) weight. C) energy. D) all of these E) none of these 96) When gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume, its density A) halves. B) doubles. C) quadruples. D) remains the same. 97) When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows A) from your finger to the ice. B) from the ice to your finger. C) actually, both ways. 98) Which of the following normally warms up fastest when heat is applied? A) water B) iron C) glass D) wood E) All of the above choices are equally true. 99) The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates A) thermal equilibrium. B) energy conservation. C) the difference between heat and internal energy. D) the fact that molecules are constantly moving. 100) Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to A) zero degrees C. B) 4 degrees C. C) minus 32 degrees C. D) None of the above. Ice can form at the surface regardless of the water temperature below. 101) Ice tends to form first at the A) surface of bodies of water. B) bottom of bodies of water. C) surface or bottom depending on the water depth. 102) Consider a sample of ice at 0 degrees C. If the temperature is decreased, the volume of the ice A) increases. 14 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 B) decreases. C) stays the same. 103) Consider a sample of water at 0 degrees C. If the temperature is slightly increased, the volume of the water A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same. 104) When water at 4 degrees C is heated slightly it expands. When water at 4 degrees C is cooled slightly, it A) contracts. B) expands. C) neither contracts nor expands. 105) The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has A) a low specific heat. B) a high specific heat. C) no specific heat. 106) Pour a liter of water at 40 degrees C into a liter of water at 20 degrees C and the final temperature of the two becomes A) less than 30 degrees C. B) at or about 30 degrees C. C) more than 30 degrees C. 107) If the specific heat of water were lower than it is, ponds in the cold of winter would be A) more likely to freeze. B) less likely to freeze. C) neither more nor less likely to freeze. 108) Evaporation is a cooling process because A) heat is radiated during the process. B) the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid. C) the temperature of the remaining liquid increases. D) none of these 109) Steam burns are more damaging than burns caused by boiling water because steam A) gives up additional energy when it condenses. B) has more energy per kilogram than boiling water. C) Choices A and B are both correct. D) Choices A and B are both incorrect. 110) When a gas is changed to a liquid state, the gas A) releases energy. B) absorbs energy. 15 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 C) neither releases nor absorbs energy. D) both releases and absorbs energy. 111) When a solid is changed to a liquid state, the solid A) releases energy. B) absorbs energy. C) neither releases nor absorbs energy. D) both releases and absorbs energy. 112) When liquids change to a solid state, they A) absorb energy. B) release energy. C) neither absorb nor release energy. D) both absorb and release energy. 113) Which could burn the most? A) 100 g of water at 100 degrees C B) 100 g of steam at 100 degrees C C) Both would be equally damaging. 114) When heat is added to boiling water, its temperature A) increases. B) decreases. C) does not change. 115) For increased atmospheric pressure, the boiling temperature of a liquid A) goes down. B) goes up. C) remains at 100 degrees C. 116) Near the top of a mountain, water in an open pot boils at A) a higher temperature than at sea level. B) a lower temperature than at sea level. C) the same temperature as at sea level. D) None of the above choices are true. 117) Suppose you walk on red-hot coals with bare feet. If bits of the coals do not stick to your feet, it would be best if your feet are A) wet. B) dry. C) warm. D) cold. E) very hot. 118) Compared to a glass of ice water with ice in it, a glass of plain ice-cold water without ice on a warm day will warm up A) faster. B) slower. 16 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 C) in the same amount of time. D) None of the above choices are true. 119) Food cooked in boiling water at a mountain top cooks slower than when cooked at sea level. If the temperature under the pot of boiling water is increased, the food will cook A) faster at the mountain top. B) faster at sea level. C) faster at both places. D) no differently than it did before the increase. 120) Melting snow A) warms the surrounding air. B) cools the surrounding air. C) neither warms nor cools the surrounding air. 121) When water vapor condenses on the inside of a window, the room becomes slightly A) warmer. B) cooler. C) neither warmer nor cooler. 122) Ice is put in a cooler to cool the contents. To speed up the cooling process, the ice can be A) wrapped in newspaper. B) drained of ice water periodically. C) kept out of contact with the food. D) kept in one solid chunk. E) covered with salt. 123) Heat energy is measured in units of A) joules. B) calories. C) Choices A and B are both true. D) Kelvin 124) When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes A) smaller. B) larger. C) neither smaller nor larger. D) either smaller or larger, depending on the ring thickness. 125)Which temperature scale has 373 as the boiling point of water? A) Fahrenheit B) Celsius C) Centigrade D) Kelvin 17 A few sample review questions Please use : g=10 m/s2 126)Which temperature scale has 273 as the boiling point of water? A) Fahrenheit B) Celsius C) No scale D) Kelvin 127)Which temperature scale has 273 as the boiling point of water? A) Fahrenheit B) Celsius C) No scale D) Kelvin 128). Freezing is a _______ ______ that requires energy ________ for the melting system. A) phase transition; input B) chemical change; input C) phase transition; release D) chemical change; release