Chapter Two: Kinetic Particle Theory

University:
High School
Course:
High School Chemistry
Academic year:

2024
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0

Pages:

3
Author:

kana kat

Kinetic Particle Theory What is the Kinetic Particle Theory? The Kinetic Particle Theory is the explanation of the different states of matter and it's motion and arrangement of particles. The Kinetic Particle Theory states that all matter is made out of tiny particles and these tiny particles are in a constant random motion. The arrangement and movement of particles: Solid It has a fixed volume and shape. Arrangement: very closely packed in an orderly manner. Movement: Vibrate about fixed positions. CANNOT be compressed. solid state with particles closely packed in a fixed structure Liquid It has a fixed volume, but the shape is taken on the shape of the container. Arrangement: Closely packed in a disorderly manner. Movement: Slide past each other freely throughout the liquid ('roll and slide' movement). CANNOT be compressed. liquid state with particles closely packed but able to move past each other Gas It takes the volume and shape of the container. Arrangement: very far apart in a disorderly manner. Movement: Move quickly and randomly in any direction. CAN be compressed. gas state with particles widely spaced and moving randomly **Change of State** When the particles heat up, there is more kinetic energy and the particles move faster and further away from each other. When the particles cool down, there is less kinetic energy and the particles move slower and closer to each other. **Liquid-Gas Transition** **Evaporation** It is the process that the surface of the water becomes water vapor and it typically happens at temperatures below the boiling point of the liquid and becomes gas. Factors involved: temperature, humidity, surface area and air movement. **Boiling** It is a process that changes from liquid to gas throughout the entire liquid. **Condensation** It is the process that the air (also known as gas) in the air cools down and changes to liquid form. This happens when the temperature drops at dew points causing the molecules to lose energy and come close together and form liquid droplets. **Solid-Gas Transition** **Sublimation** A process which solid changes directly into a gas. This occurs when the molecules in a solid gain enough energy to overcome the forces that hold them together and jump directly to the gaseous state.