7.1 Apush Notes

Henry Ford: Assembly line, mass production, Ford Motor company. Welfare Capitalism: A capitalist economic system that includes social welfare programs or benefits for employees. Hollywood: Emerged as a place where premium visual entertainment could be produced (MOVIES!) Charles Lindbergh: First to fly Transatlantic solo! Famous American Aviator (Also said the Nazis would win WWII) Scopes Trial: John Scopes, a teacher in Tennessee, started teaching DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION; got arrested! Took to trial, went against William Jennings Bryan (“Expert on the Bible”) Battle between theory of evolution and God’s creation of the world Convicted, got overturned on a technicality Prohibition: no drink :( Largely not upheld and originally only put into place for war time grain conservation Al Capone: Fought for control of alcohol selling among other things icon of organized crime Went to jail for Tax Evasion Sacco and Vanzetti: Tried and executed for crimes (maybe not committed) Grew support for Italian immigrants Ku Klux Klan: Primarily supported by lower middle class white Didn't like AFRICAN AMERICANS, Jewish, and other denominations of Christianity (that weren’t protestant) Held strong political influence on southern local offices “Lost Generation”: Name for disillusioned writers who believed that religion was hypocritical and that the sacrifices of wartime was fraud/for economic interests. Writers such as Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald, etc. “Harlem Renaissance”: Refers to the significant number of achievements due to the skilled musicians, writers, thinkers, and others in Harlem (African American communities) Marcus Garvey: Developed political ideas of black nationalism in Harlem. Established a Black separatist movement ( BACK TO AFRICA ) ? Back-to-Africa Movement Other leaders disliked his “ back-to-africa " motion but liked his ideas of racial pride and self-respect Teapot Dome: SCANDAL! Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall, takes BRIBES for accepting oil leases in Teapot Dome, Wyoming. Al Smith: Roman Catholic and the Democratic Candidate for the election of 1928, opposing Herbert Hoover. Appealed to immigrants The fact that he’s a catholic leads to him being very unpopular Black Tuesday: Many buyers of bottom end stocks would sell leading to an even further crash Buying on margin: Take out a loan and put it on the stock market; GAMBLING Hawley-Smooth Tariff: 40% tariff, highest tariff in history Responded to with tariffs from other countries Debt Moratorium: A suspension on the payment of national debts France didn’t follow US gets cooked Farm Board: Enlarged to meet the needs of the crisis, attempted to regulate grain prices and offer to hold surplus grain Too modest, did not help much Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC): created by congress to bring back wavering businesses. Tried to make it look like the Federal Government was actually doing something; Hoover’s rationale was that it would help stabilize business, yet many citizens claimed that it would only help the rich Bonus March: 1,000 unemployed WW1 veterans that demanded a bonus promised to them Made many consider Hoover as cold and uncaring Consumer Culture: culture for consumers “Jazz Age": Basically the 1920’s because of the significant advancements in Jazz Louis Armstrong: I SEE TREES OF GREEN, RED ROSES TOO... Margaret Sanger: Continued to spread Contraceptives and their acceptance Flappers: Women in their early 20’s who subscribed to the “do as you wish” ideology; danced, smoked, worked, and wore knee length dress Great Migration: A major movement of African Americans from the rural South to cities in the North and West of the United States, mainly between 1916 and 1970. They moved to escape racial discrimination and to seek better job opportunities and living conditions. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): A civil rights organization founded in 1909 to fight racial discrimination and promote equality for African Americans through legal action, education, and public advocacy. Langston Hughes : An influential African American poet, novelist, and playwright who was a leading figure of the Harlem Renaissance. His works celebrated Black culture, identity, and everyday life while addressing issues of racial injustice and pride