Social Development Attachment and Erikson 3

WHS AP Psychology Unit 9: Developmental Psychology Essential Task 9-7: Compare and contrast Kohlberg and Gilligan’s models of moral development. Adulthood Types of Studies Adolescence Unit 9 Developmental Psych Prenatal Development Adulthood Aging We are here Cognitive Development Piaget’ s Stages Moral Development Vygotsk y’s Theory Erikson Social Kohlberg Developme nt Parenting Styles Gender Gilligan The Heinz Dilema Read the Heinz Dilema, and answer the question. “Justify” your answer. Morality Development: Piaget • Responses to moral problems can be divided into two broad stages: Moral Realism (Morality of Constraint) – Rules are sacred, consequences determine all guilt (6 yr olds) Moral Relativism (Morality of Cooperation) – Rules are flexible, intent is important in determining guilt (12 yr olds) Morality Development: Kohlberg • Level I: Pre-conventional: Egocentric orientation focusing on moral consequences for the self; reasoning found until about 10 years of age Stage 1: Punishment Obedience 2: Individualism and Exchange Description Moral reasoning based on immediate consequences for the individual. An act is moral if a person isn’t punished for it. It is immoral if the person is punished. Moral reasoning based on reciprocity. An act is moral if a similar act occurs in return (i.e. satisfies own needs) Morality Development: Kohlberg • Level II: Conventional: Moral reasoning linked to perspectives of, and concerns for, others (i.e. loyalty, obeying the law, family obligation); typical of 10 to 20 yr olds. Stage 3: Good boy-nice girl 4: Law and Order Description Moral reasoning based on concern for others or the opinions of others. An act is moral if others demonstrate similar acts, or it helps others (i.e. behavior likely to please others) Moral reasoning based on rules, laws, and orderly society. An act is moral if it follows rules or promotes an orderly society. Morality Development: Kohlberg • Level III: Post-conventional. Reasoning transcends society’s rules; reflects an understanding that rules sometimes need to be changed/ignored. Stage Description 5: Social Contract Moral reasoning based on principled agreements among people. An act is moral if it is consistent with a principled agreement. (ex: Bill of Rights) 6: Universal Ethical Moral reasoning based on abstract principles. An act is moral if it is consistent with an abstract principle that transcends an individual’s society. Summary of Kohlberg’s Six Stage Theory of Morality Development: 1: Punishment and Obedience Moral reasoning based on immediate consequences for the individual. 2: Market Exchange / Individualism and Exchange Moral reasoning based on reciprocity. An act is moral if a similar act occurs in return. 3: Interpersonal Harmony / Good Boy Good Girl Moral reasoning based on concern for others or the opinions of others. 4: Law and Order Moral reasoning based on rules, laws, and an orderly society. 5: Social Contract Moral reasoning based on principled agreements among people. 6: Universal Principles Moral reasoning based on abstract principles. O.A. Morality Development: 1. If I stay out I will be in big trouble with my parents. 2. It’s not like they’ve never broken a promise to me. 3. My parents and I agreed that midnight was fair, and you can’t go back on your agreements. 4. If I stay out my parents will be worried. 5. It’s the curfew, so I’ll be in by midnight. 6. My friends have curfews, too, and they’re going to be home by then. Morality Development: Exercise (I) 1. If I stay out I will be in big trouble with my parents. Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Preconventional Ethics: Young children, some teenagers 2. It’s not like they’ve never broken a promise to me. Stage 2: Individualism and Exchagne Preconventional Ethics: Young children, some teenagers 3. My parents and I agreed that midnight was fair, and you can’t go back on your agreements. Stage 5: Social Contract Postconventional Ethics: Middle school to high school students 4. If I stay out my parents will be worried. Stage 3: Good boy-nice girl Conventional Ethics: Middle school to high school students