Heredity and Evolution

University:
Indiana University East
Course:
BIOL-L 315 | Cell Biology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

0

Pages:

24
Author:

customer-8090541

Heredity And Evolution Heredity - It is the branch of biology in which we study about inheritance and variations. Inheritance - It is the study of transfer of characters from one generation to next generation or parents to offsprings. The branch of biology in which we study about inheritance and variations is also called Genetics. Father of Genetics - Mendel (1856-1863) worked on Pea plant [Pisum Sativum] Phenotype Externally observable characters/ features of an individual is called is phenotype. 7 characters select [Every character has 2 opp. traits] OR Contrasting trait when a character has only one opp. expression, the phenotype Saathi Characters Dominant Traits Recessive Traits Height of plant Tall Dwarf Shape of seed Round Wrinkled Colour of seed Yellow Green Shape of pod Full Constricted Colour of pod Yellow Green Colour of flower Violet/Purple White Position of flower Axial Terminal Steps of Mendel's Breeding Expt. Selection of Pure Parents of opp. traits Obtaining F1 by crossing b/w parents Obtaining F2 by selfing b/w F1 Hybrid Character = Height of the plant Tall Dwarf Mendel's Breeding Expt. on Pea Plant Monohybrid BE Dihybrid BE Saathi Male Female To prevent self-pollination Remove male part Emasculation Bagging Controlled Pollination / Artificial Pollination Dominant Trait <---> Tall <---> Dwarf = Recessive Trait F1 by crossing Tall Selfing F2 Generation: Tall : Dwarf 3 : 1 Ex - Character: Colour of Flower Violet <---> White F1 by crossing Violet Selfing F2 - White : Violet 1 : 3 Date Saathi Factors = (As Mendel said) Factor is the unit of inheritance (which carry the character from 1 generation to the next generation) Observations of Mendel's Monohybrid Cross Only 1 trait appear in F1 (and that is called dominant trait) In F2 both trait appear in the ratio of 3:1 (Dominent: Recessive) phenotype No mixing of traits, either in F1, or in F2 (no blending in phenotype) Mendel's Laws of Inheritance Law of Unit factor / Law of Paired factor - Every character is controlled by 2 factors, 1 is dominant factor and 2nd is recessive factor. Example: Height of plant = Tt Colour of flower = Vv Shape of seed = Rr Mendel represented the factors by letters. Factors of a character should have same letters. But Capital letter = dominant factor

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