Chapter 13 Heart Answer Key

Chapter 13: Heart TRUE/FALSE 1. After 4 to 5 minutes without blood flow, the brain cells are irreversibly damaged. ANS: T PTS: 1 2. The adult human heart weighs less than one pound. ANS: T PTS: 1 3. The structure of the heart allows it to function as a double pump. ANS: T PTS: 1 4. Murmurs indicate some defects in the valves of the heart. ANS: T PTS: 1 5. A pacemaker is a surgically implanted electronic device that regulates the patient’s heartbeat. ANS: T PTS: 1 6. The heart sounds heard through a stethoscope are caused by the impact of the blood churning in the chambers. ANS: F The heart sounds heard through a stethoscope are caused by the closing of the heart valves. PTS: 1 7. The purkinje fibers are located in the atria. ANS: F The purkinje fibers are located in the ventricles and cause them to contract. PTS: 1 8. An arrhythmia is any change or deviation from the normal rate or rhythm of the heart. ANS: T PTS: 1 9. Statins are drugs that may be used to lower cholesterol levels. ANS: T PTS: 1 10. Hypotension is a risk factor for heart disease. ANS: F Hypertension (not hypotension) is a risk factor for heart disease. PTS: 1 11. Thirty minutes of physical exercise is recommended for most days of the week as a way to improve health and decrease risk factors for heart disease. ANS: T PTS: 1 12. Invasive procedures are those that do not penetrate the skin or a body cavity. ANS: F Noninvasive procedures are those that do not penetrate the skin or a body cavity. Invasive procedures do penetrate the skin or a body cavity PTS: 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A person’s total cholesterol level should be below _____. a. 200 c. 150 b. 300 d. 250 ANS: A Feedback A B C D A person’s total cholesterol level should be below 200. A person’s total cholesterol level should be below 200. A person’s total cholesterol level should be below 200. PTS: 1 2. Severe chest pain that occurs when the heart does not receive enough oxygen is called _____. a. pericarditis c. atherosclerosis b. myocardial infarction d. angina pectoris ANS: D Feedback A B C Pericarditis is an inflammation of the outer membrane covering the heart. Myocardial infarction is a heart attack caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. Atherosclerosis is hardening of arteries due to deposits of fatlike material in the lining of the arteries. D PTS: 1 3. A rapid heartbeat is most accurately called _____. a. arrhythmia c. tachycardia b. bradycardia d. fibrillation ANS: C Feedback A B C D Arrhythmia is an absence of a normal rhythm in the heartbeat; a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) is a type of arrhythmia, but there are many other arrhythmias. Bradycardia is an abnormally slow heartbeat, less than 60 beats per minute for the adult. Fibrillation is when the heart muscle fibers contract at random without coordination; fibrillation can result in a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), but there are conditions that cause tachycardia other than fibrillation PTS: 1 4. The _____ sends out an electrical impulse that regulates the heartbeat. a. AV node c. purkinje fibers b. SA node d. AV bundle ANS: B Feedback A The AV node receives and transmits the electrical impulses from the SA node to stimulate ventricular contraction; the SA node regulates the heartbeat in the normal conduction system of the heart. B C D The purkinje fibers are conduction fibers that conduct the impulses through the ventricles of the heart. The AV bundle, also known as the bundle of His, contains the conducting fibers in the septum of the heart. PTS: 1 5. Cardiac muscle tissue, or _____, makes up the major portion of the heart. a. myocardium c. endocardium b. pericardium d. septum ANS: A Feedback A B C D The pericardium is the closed membranous sac surrounding the heart. The endocardium is the membrane lining the interior of the heart. The septum is the dividing wall between the left and right side of the heart. PTS: 1 6. Which of the following best describes the location of the apex of the heart? a. It is located over the atria. b. It lies on the diaphragm and points to the left of the body. c. It is located in the area where the aorta leaves the heart. ANS: B Feedback A B C The apex of the heart lies on the diaphragm and points to the left of the body. The apex of the heart lies on the diaphragm and points to the left of the body. PTS: 1 7. Most, if not all, health care workers must have current certification in which of the following? a. CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) b. ALS (advanced life support) c. PALS (pediatric advanced life support) d. EKG (electrocardiogram) interpretation ANS: A Feedback A B C D ALS is an advanced skill training required of some health care workers, such as those who work in the emergency room or critical care units, but CPR is required by most, if not all, health care workers. PALS is an advanced skill training required of some health care workers, such as those who work with children in emergency rooms or pediatric critical care, but CPR is required by most, if not all, health care workers. EKG interpretation is an advanced skill level and not required of all health care workers, but CPR is required by most, if not all, health care workers. PTS: 1 8. The blood vessels that bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart are called _____. a. the aorta c. pulmonary veins b. pulmonary arteries d. vena cava ANS: D Feedback A B C D The aorta carries oxygenated blood out to the body. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. PTS: 1 9. The bicuspid, or mitral, valve is located _____. a. between the left atrium and the left ventricle b. between the right atrium and right ventricle c. at the orifice of the pulmonary artery d. at the orifice of the aorta ANS: A Feedback A B C D The tricuspid valve is positioned between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The pulmonary semilunar valve is located at the orifice of the pulmonary artery. The aortic semilunar valve is located at the orifice of the aorta. PTS: 1 10. Which of the following would contain deoxygenated blood? a. left ventricle b. aorta c. pulmonary artery d. pulmonary vein ANS: C Feedback A B The left ventricle has oxygenated blood that is ready to go out to the body. The aorta has oxygenated blood that is being carried to nourish the body. C D The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. PTS: 1 11. If someone’s heart beats at 70 beats per minute, and with each contraction of the ventricle 70 ml of blood is ejected from the ventricles. What is the person’s stroke volume? a. 1400 c. 70 b. 4900 ANS: C Feedback A B The stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles with each beat, which was given as 70 ml. This is the cardiac output, which is the stroke volume times the heart rate. C PTS: 1 12. The QRS wave of the ECG reading represents _____. a. the contraction of the atria c. the relaxation of the atria b. the contraction of the ventricles d. the relaxation of the ventricle ANS: B Feedback A B C D The P wave of the ECG reading represents the contraction of the atria. A wave representing the relaxation of the atria is not seen on an ECG reading. The T wave of the ECG reading represents the relaxation of the ventricle. PTS: 1 13. Which of the following lab results would be least likely to contribute to the development of heart disease? a. cholesterol 250 c. HDL 150 b. LDL 150 d. triglycerides 190 ANS: C Feedback A B C Cholesterol should be less than 200. LDL should be less than 100. D Triglycerides should be less than 150. PTS: 1 COMPLETION 1. Blood leaves the heart through ____________________ and returns by ____________________. ANS: arteries, veins PTS: 1 2. The heart is located in the ____________________ cavity. ANS: thoracic PTS: 1 3. The double layer of fibrous tissue surrounding the heart is the ____________________. ANS: pericardium PTS: 1 4. Name the four valves of the heart: ____________________, ____________________, _________________________, and _________________________. ANS: tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary semilunar, aortic semilunar PTS: 1 5. _________________________ is the total volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute. ANS: Cardiac output PTS: 1 6. The term used to describe a slow heart rate is____________________. ANS: bradycardia PTS: 1 7. An inflammation of the heart muscle is called ____________________. ANS: myocarditis PTS: 1 8. The blood contains ____________________ and other fat substances called ____________________. ANS: cholesterol, triglycerides PTS: 1 9. ____________________ is a procedure to help open clogged vessels. ANS: Angioplasty PTS: 1 10. A device that shocks the heart to return it to a normal rhythm is called a ____________________. ANS: defibrillator PTS: 1 MATCHING Match the term with the best descriptor. a. Holter monitor b. murmurs c. diuretics d. cardiac catheterization e. thrombolytic therapy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. f. g. h. i. j. CAD lipid panel cardiac stents pacemaker third -degree block 7. 8. 9. 10. narrowing of the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle small, portable battery-operated EKG machine when blood thinners are given intravenously after a MI measures cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides drugs given to reduce the amount of fluid in the body a catheter is inserted and fed into the chamber of the heart, where dye is inserted and pictures are taken indicates some defect of the heart valve also called complete heart block tiny webbed, stainless steel devices surgically implanted battery-operated electronic device to regulate the rhythm of the heart 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: F A E G C D B J H I PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1