Race and Ethnic Inequality as a Social Problem - What are race and ethnicity? - Racial group, people who have been singled out, by others or themselves, as inferior Or superior, based on real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, Hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes - Ethnic group is a people distinguished, by others or by themselves, as inferior or Superior primarily based on cultural or nationally characteristics. - Dominant and subordinate - Dominant group is one that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in A society - Subordinate group is one whose members, because of physical or cultural Characteristics are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the majority. Group and regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination. Racism, Prejudice, and Discrimination - Racism is a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to justify the superior treatment of One racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group - Subtle racism is hidden from sight and more difficult to recognize - Prejudice is a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected Racial and ethnic groups - Ethnocentrism – the assumption that one’s own group and way of life are superior to All others - Stereotypes are overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other Characteristics of all members of a group - Individual discrimination - Consists of one-on-one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members Of the subordinate group or their property - Institutional discrimination - Consists of the day-to-day practices of organizations and institutions that have a Harmful impact on members of subordinate groups - Anti-Semitism - Prejudice and discriminatory behavior directed at Jews. Islamophobia is fear, prejudice, Or hostility toward Islam or Muslim Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequality - Social-Psychological Perspective - Aggression - Is behavior intended to hurt someone, either physically or verbally - Frustration-aggression hypothesis - Individuals who are frustrated in their efforts to achieve a highly desired goal tend to Develop a pattern of aggression toward others. - Scapegoat - A person or group that is blamed for some problem causing frustration and is Therefore, subjected to hostility or aggression by others. - Authoritarian personality - Is characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, Insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypical thinking Symbolic Interactionist Perspective - Racial or ethnic socialization is a process of social interaction that contains specific Messages and practices concerning the nature of one’s racial-ethnic status as it. Relates to - Personal and group identity - Intergroup and interindividual relationships - One’s position in the social stratification system