Global Overpopulation - Demography is the study of the size, composition, and distribution of populations - Fertility - Fertility refers to the number of children born to an individual on a population - Crude birth rate - The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in aa given year - Mortality - The number of deaths that occur in a specific population - Migration - Migration is the movement of people from one geographic area to another for the Purpose of changing residency The Effects of Population Composition and Growth - Population composition refers to the biological and social characteristics of a population, Including such attributes as age, sex, race, marital status, education, occupation, income, And size of household - The Malthusian Perspective - The Marxist Perspective - The Neo-Malthusian Perspective - Demographic Transition Theory - Other Perspectives on population change World Hunger and Malnutrition - The Green Revolution - Dramatic increases in agricultural production that have been made possible by The development of agricultural technologies and high yield “miracle” crops such Wheat and rice - The Biotechnological Revolution - Any technique for improving plants or animals or using microorganisms in innovative Ways Controlling Fertility - People must - Accept calculated choice as a valid element in marital fertility - See advantages to reduced fertility - Know about and master effective techniques of birth control - Family planning - Provide birth control information - Contraceptive devices - Sometimes sterilization and abortion procedures - And health services - Zero population growth - Totally stable population - Neither grows nor decreases from year to year - Births, deaths, and migration are in perfect balance Immigration and Its Consequences - Immigration in the United States - Legal immigration - Illegal immigration - Consequences of immigration - Immigration outside of the United States Population and the Environment - When all of Earth’s ecosystems are put together, they make up the biosphere - Environmental degradation - Disruptions to the environment that have negative consequences for ecosystems - Ecological footprint - The amount of biologically productive area needed to sustain a person at his or her Level of consumption - Economic growth and environmental degradation - Air pollution and climate change - Acid rain - Rainfall containing large concentrations of sulfuric and nitric acids