Chemistry Chapter 15 Acids and Bases Part 1

Chem Chapter 15: Acids and Bases Match the formulas in Problems #1-4 with the information about them: 1. H2SO4 2. CH3COOH (or HAc) 3. NaOH 4. (NH4)3PO4 a) used as fertilizer b) found in digestive juices c) present in vinegar d) used in manufacture of soap and paper, and found in Drano e) the chemical produced in the greatest quantity in the U.S. and used extensively in making fertilizer Classify the substances in Problems #5-11: 5. Ca(OH)2 6. NH3 7. HF 8. H3PO4 9. HCN 10. KOH 11. HClO4 a) strong base b) weak base c) strong acid d) weak acid Problems #12-16 are a list of various characteristic properties of either acids or bases. Identify them: 12. They have a sour taste. 13. They turn bromothymol blue from blue to yellow. 14. They turn red litmus paper to blue. 15. They have a slippery feeling. 16. They react with active metals producing hydrogen gas. a) acid b) base Problems #17-21 are fundamental tenets of the various theories of acid/base reactions. Identify them with the best answer: 17. An acid is an electron pair acceptor. 18. A base is a proton acceptor. 19. A base is a substance that contains the OH group and produces OH- ions in aqueous solution. 20. An acid/base reaction is viewed as a proton-transfer reaction. 21. An acid is a proton donor. a) Arrhenius theory b) Bronsted-Lowry theory c) Lewis theory 22. All but one of the following are the consequences of the leveling effect of water. Which is NOT. a) The hydronium ion is the strongest acid species that can exist in aqueous solution. b) The hydroxide ion is the strongest base that can exist in aqueous solution. c) One cannot distinguish the relative acid strength of HCl, HBr, and HI in water. d) H2O autoionizes to form H3O+ and OH- species. 23. Which of the following substances is amphoteric? a) Al(OH)3 b) HCN c) CsBr d) Ca(OH)2 e) HI 24. The conjugate base of ammonia is: a) NH3 b) NH4+ c) NH2d) OHe) none of these 25. The conjugate acid of H2O is: a) H2O b) H3O+ c) OHd) none of these 26. The conjugate base of HPO42- is: a) H3PO4 b) H2PO4c) PO43d) OHe) none of these 27. The conjugate acid of Ac- is: a) HAc b) H3O+ c) H2O d) none of these 28. Rank the hydrohalic acids from strongest to weakest: a) HF > HCl > HBr > HI b) HI > HBr > HCl > HF c) HCl > HBr > HI > HF d) HF > HI > HBr > HCl 29. In which of the following is the acid strength ranking INCORRECT? a) H2SO4 > H2SO3 b) HNO3 > HNO2 c) HClO4 > HClO3 d) HClO3 > HBrO3 e) H2SeO3 > H2SO3 30. Which of the following is a ternary acid? a) H2SO3 b) H2S c) H2Te d) H3As e) [Sn(OH)3]- 31. Which of the following is the most correct net ionic equation for the reaction of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution? a) H+(aq) + Ac-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) --> Na+(aq) + Ac-(aq) + H2O(l) b) H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --> H2O(l) c) HAc(aq) + NaOH(aq) --> NaAc(aq) + H2O(l) d) HAc(aq) + OH-(aq) --> Ac-(aq) + H2O(l) e) HAc(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) --> NaAc(aq) + H2O(l) 32. Which of the following would be the most basic substance in aqueous solution? a) HSO4b) Fc) Id) Cle) NO333. Which of the following would be the most acidic substance in aqueous solution? a) Na+ b) SO42c) H2O d) NH2e) NH4+ 34. According to the Lewis theory, a base: a) is a proton acceptor. b) is a proton donor. c) makes available a share in a pair of electrons. d) is any compound that contains electron pairs. e) accepts a share in a pair of electrons. 35. Based on the reactions we have studied, ammonia can be considered as: a) an Arrhenius base (only). b) a Lewis base (only). c) a Bronsted-Lowry base (only). d) both an Arrhenius base and a Lewis base. e) both a Bronsted-Lowry base and a Lewis base. 36. Which one of the following is NOT a strong, soluble base? a) Ba(OH)2 b) Ca(OH)2 c) Cu(OH)2 d) RbOH e) KOH 37. Which statement concerning the autoionization (self-ionization) of water is FALSE? 2 H2O(l) <==> H3O+ + OH-(aq) a) This reaction is an acid-base reaction according to the BronstedLowry theory. b) Water is amphiprotic. c) A H2O molecule may react as an acid by donating a proton. d) In this reaction H3O+ and OH- are a conjugate acid- base pair. e) A H2O molecule may react as a base by accepting a proton. KEY 1)e 2)c 3)d 4)a 5)a 6)b 7)d 8)d 9)d 10)a 11)c 12)a 13)a 14)b 15)b 16)a 17)c 18)b 19)a 20)b 21)b 22)d 23)a 24)c 25)b 26)c 27)a 28)b 29)e 30)a 31)d 32)b 33)e 34)c 35)e 36)c 37)d