University:
Kentucky State University
Course:
CHE 302 | Organic Chemistry II
Academic year:

2024
Views:

41

Pages:

8
Author:

Athena Harrison

Lecture 1 - Alcohols Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups because they're the organic version of water. General Structure: R-OH The functional group of an alcohol is an -OH group bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon. Tetrahedral Structure: H | H--C--OH | H Oxygen is sp3 hybridized. Classification of Alcohols: Primary (1°) Alcohol: R-CH2-OH The carbon atom with the OH group is attached to one other carbon. A secondary (2°) alcohol R-C-OH | R The carbon atom with OH group is attached to 2 other Carbons. General Formula: R₂CHOH A tertiary (3°) alcohol R | R-C-OH | R The carbon atom with OH group is attached to 3 other Carbons. General Formula: R₃COH Aromatic (phenol): -OH is bounded to a benzene ring. OH | C / \ C C / \ / \ C C C / \ / \ / \ C C C C Common Names name the alkyl group bonded to oxygen followed by the word alcohol e.g. 1 | H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH | 4 Butanol in IUPAC Butyl Alcohol in Common names 1 | H3C-CH2-CH-CH3 | OH 2 2-butanol in IUPAC sec-butyl Alcohol in Common names. **e.g.:** OH | H3C-CH2-CH2-OH * IUPAC: 1-propanol * Common: propyl Alcohol OH | H3C-CH-CH3 * IUPAC: 2-propanol * Common: isopropyl Alcohol OH | H3C-CH2-CH2-CH3 * IUPAC: 1-butanol * Common: butyl Alcohol OH | H3C-CH2-CH-CH3 * IUPAC: 2-butanol * Common: sec-butyl Alcohol OH | H3C-CH-CH3 | CH3 * IUPAC: 2-methyl-1-propanol * Common: iso-butyl alcohol OH | H3C-C-CH3 | CH3 * IUPAC: 2-methyl-2-propanol * Common: tert-butyl Alcohol OH | H3C-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 | CH3 * IUPAC: 3-methyl cyclohexanol Br | H3C-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH | CH3 * IUPAC: 3-bromo-3-methylcyclohexanol **In this case, both numbering are equivalent.** **Choose the lower number for higher alphabetical number.** **B comes before C, so we give Br(2) and Cl(5)** IUPAC name: 2-bromo-5-chlorocyclopentanol