Answer Key
Kinetic Energy and Work
-
University:
Kentucky State University -
Course:
PHY 212 | General Physics II Academic year:
2020
-
Views:
252
Pages:
16
Author:
avoigninjundauff
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
1. Which of the following is NOT a correct unit for work?
A. erg
B. ft·lb
C. watt
D. newton·meter
E. joule
ans: C
2. Which of the following groups does NOT contain a scalar quantity?
A. velocity, force, power
B. displacement, acceleration, force
C. acceleration, speed, work
D. energy, work, distance
E. pressure, weight, time
ans: B
3. A boy holds a 40-N weight at arm’s length for 10 s. His arm is 1.5 m above the ground. The
work done by the force of the boy on the weight while he is holding it is:
A. 0
B. 6.1 J
C. 40 J
D. 60 J
E. 90 J
ans: A
4. A crate moves 10 m to the right on a horizontal surface as a woman pulls on it with a 10-N force.
Rank the situations shown below according to the work done by her force, least to greatest.
10 N
10 N
..
........................................
..
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
86
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..
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...
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.......
.
2
1, 2, 3
2, 1, 3
2, 3, 1
1, 3, 2
3, 2, 1
ans: E
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
...
........
.. .....
....
..
..
10 N
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
3 5. An object moves in a circle at constant speed. The work done by the centripetal force is zero
because:
A. the displacement for each revolution is zero
B. the average force for each revolution is zero
C. there is no friction
D. the magnitude of the acceleration is zero
E. the centripetal force is perpendicular to the velocity
ans: E
6. An object of mass 1 g is whirled in a horizontal circle of radius 0.5 m at a constant speed of
2 m/s. The work done on the object during one revolution is:
A. 0
B. 1 J
C. 2 J
D. 4 J
E. 16 J
ans: A
7. The work done by gravity during the descent of a projectile:
A. is positive
B. is negative
C. is zero
D. depends for its sign on the direction of the y axis
E. depends for its sign on the direction of both the x and y axes
ans: A
8. A baseball is hit high into the upper bleachers of left field. Over its entire flight the work done
by gravity and the work done by air resistance, respectively, are:
A. positive; positive
B. positive; negative
C. negative; positive
D. negative; negative
E. unknown since vital information is lacking
ans: D
9. A line drive to the shortstop is caught at the same height as it was originally hit. Over its
entire flight the work done by gravity and the work done by air resistance, respectively, are:
A. zero; positive
B. zero; negative
C. positive; negative
D. negative; positive
E. negative; negative
ans: B
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
87 10. A 2-kg object is moving at 3 m/s. A 4-N force is applied in the direction of motion and then
removed after the object has traveled an additional 5 m. The work done by this force is:
A. 12 J
B. 15 J
C. 18 J
D. 20 J
E. 38 J
ans: D
11. A sledge (including load) weighs 5000 N. It is pulled on level snow by a dog team exerting a
horizontal force on it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between sledge and snow is 0.05. How
much work is done by the dog team pulling the sledge 1000 m at constant speed?
A. 2.5 × 104 J
B. 2.5 × 105 J
C. 5.0 × 105 J
D. 2.5 × 106 J
E. 5.0 × 106 J
ans: B
12. Camping equipment weighing 6000 N is pulled across a frozen lake by means of a horizontal
rope. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.05. The work done by the campers in pulling the
equipment 1000 m at constant velocity is:
A. 3.1 × 104 J
B. 1.5 × 105 J
C. 3.0 × 105 J
D. 2.9 × 106 J
E. 6.0 × 106 J
ans: C
13. Camping equipment weighing 6000 N is pulled across a frozen lake by means of a horizontal
rope. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.05. How much work is done by the campers in
pulling the equipment 1000 m if its speed is increasing at the constant rate of 0.20 m/s2 ?
A. −1.2 × 106 J
B. 1.8 × 105 J
C. 3.0 × 105 J
D. 4.2 × 105 J
E. 1.2 × 106 J
ans: D
14. A 1-kg block is lifted vertically 1 m by a boy. The work done by the boy is about:
A. 1 ft · lb
B. 1 J
C. 10 J
D. 0.1 J
E. zero
ans: C
88
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK 15. A 0.50-kg object moves in a horizontal circular track with a radius of 2.5 m. An external force
of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes around. The
work done by the external force as the mass makes one revolution is:
A. 24 J
B. 47 J
C. 59 J
D. 94 J
E. 120 J
ans: B
16. A man pulls a 100-N crate up a frictionless 30◦ slope 5 m high, as shown. Assuming that the
crate moves at constant speed, the work done by the man is:
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....
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100 N
5m
... 30
.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
−500 J
−250 J
0
250 J
500 J
ans: E
17. A man pushes an 80-N crate a distance of 5.0 m upward along a frictionless slope that makes
an angle of 30◦ with the horizontal. His force is parallel to the slope. If the speed of the crate
decreases at a rate of 1.5 m/s2 , then the work done by the man is:
A. −200 J
B. 61 J
C. 140 J
D. 200 J
E. 260 J
ans: C
18. A man pushes an 80-N crate a distance of 5.0 m upward along a frictionless slope that makes
an angle of 30◦ with the horizontal. The force he exerts is parallel to the slope. If the speed of
the crate is constant, then the work done by the man is:
A. −200 J
B. 61 J
C. 140 J
D. 200 J
E. 260 J
ans: D
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
89 19. An 80-N crate slides with constant speed a distance of 5.0 m downward along a rough slope
that makes an angle of 30◦ with the horizontal. The work done by the force of gravity is:
A. −400 J
B. −200 J
C. −69 J
D. 200 J
E. 400 J
ans: D
20. A man pulls a sled along a rough horizontal surface by applying a constant force F at an angle
θ above the horizontal. In pulling the sled a horizontal distance d, the work done by the man
is:
A. F d
B. F d cos θ
C. F d sin θ
D. F d/ cos θ
E. F d/ sin θ
ans: B
21. A man wishes to pull a crate 15 m across a rough floor by exerting a force of 100 N. The
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.25. For the man to do the least work, the angle between the
force and the horizontal should be:
A. 0
B. 14◦
C. 43◦
D. 66◦
E. 76◦
ans: A
22. A particle moves 5 m in the positive x direction while being acted upon by a constant force
F = (4 N)î + (2 N)ĵ − (4 N)k̂. The work done on the particle by this force is:
A. 20 J
B. 10 J
C. −20 J
D. 30 J
E. is impossible to calculate without knowing other forces
ans: A
23. A block is attached to the end of an ideal spring and moved from coordinate xi to coordinate
xf . The relaxed position is at x = 0. The work done by spring is positive if:
A. xi = 2 cm and xf = 4 cm
B. xi = −2 cm and xf = 4 cm
C. xi = −2 cm and xf = −4 cm
D. xi = 2 cm and xf = −4 cm
E. xi = −4 cm and xf = −2 cm
ans: E
90
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK 24. An ideal spring, with a pointer attached to its end, hangs next to a scale. With a 100-N weight
attached, the pointer indicates “40” on the scale as shown. Using a 200-N weight instead results
in “60” on the scale. Using an unknown weight X instead results in “30” on the scale. The
weight of X is:
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
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.....
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.........................................................
....
•
0
•
40
100 N
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10 N
20 N
30 N
40 N
50 N
ans: E
25. Three identical ideal springs (X,Y,Z) are arranged as shown. When a 4.0-kg mass is hung on
X, the mass descends 3.0 cm. When a 6.0-kg mass is hung on Y, the mass descends:
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. ......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. ......................... .. .. .. .. ..
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•
•
X
Z
•
•
Y
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2.0 cm
4.0 cm
4.5 cm
6.0 cm
9.0 cm
ans: E
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
91 26. When a certain rubber band is stretched a distance x, it exerts a restoring force of magnitude
F = Ax, where A is a constant. The work done by a person in stretching this rubber band
from x = 0 to x = L, beginning and ending at rest, is:
A. AL2
B. A + 2L
C. A + 2L2
D. A/L
E. AL2 /2
ans: E
27. When a certain rubber band is stretched a distance x, it exerts a restoring force of magnitude
F = ax + bx2 , where a and b are constants. The work done in stretching this rubber band from
x = 0 to x = L is:
A. aL2 + bLx3
B. aL + 2bL2
C. a + 2bL
D. bL
E. aL2 /2 + bL3 /3
ans: E
28. An ideal spring is hung vertically from the ceiling. When a 2.0-kg mass hangs at rest from it
the spring is extended 6.0 cm from its relaxed length. A downward external force is now applied
to the mass to extend the spring an additional 10 cm. While the spring is being extended by
the force, the work done by the spring is:
A. −3.6 J
B. −3.3 J
C. −3.4 × 10−5 J
D. 3.3 J
E. 3.6 J
ans: A
29. An ideal spring is hung vertically from the ceiling. When a 2.0-kg block hangs at rest from it
the spring is extended 6.0 cm from its relaxed length. A upward external force is then applied
to the block to move it upward a distance of 16 cm. While the block is moving upward the
work done by the spring is:
A. −1.0 J
B. −0.52 J
C. −0.26 J
D. 0.52 J
E. 1.0 J
ans: A
92
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK 30. Which of the following bodies has the largest kinetic energy?
A. Mass 3M and speed V
B. Mass 3M and speed 2V
C. Mass 2M and speed 3V
D. Mass M and speed 4V
E. All four of the above have the same kinetic energy
ans: C
31. Two trailers, X with mass 500 kg and Y with mass 2000 kg, are being pulled at the same speed.
The ratio of the kinetic energy of Y to that of X is:
A. 1:1
B. 2:1
C. 4:1
D. 9:1
E. 1500:1
ans: C
32. A 8000-N car is traveling at 12 m/s along a horizontal road when the brakes are applied. The
car skids to a stop in 4.0 s. How much kinetic energy does the car lose in this time?
A. 4.8 × 104 J
B. 5.9 × 104 J
C. 1.2 × 105 J
D. 5.8 × 105 J
E. 4.8 × 106 J
ans: B
33. The velocity of a particle moving along the x axis changes from vi to vf . For which values of
vi and vf is the total work done on the particle positive?
A. vi = 5 m/s, vf = 2 m/s
B. vi = 5 m/s, vf = −2 m/s
C. vi = −5 m/s, vf = −2 m/s
D. vi = −5 m/s, vf = 2 m/s
E. vi = 2 m/s, vf = −5 m/s
ans: E
34. An object is constrained by a cord to move in a circular path of radius 0.5 m on a horizontal
frictionless surface. The cord will break if its tension exceeds 16 N. The maximum kinetic
energy the object can have is:
A. 4 J
B. 8 J
C. 16 J
D. 32 J
E. 64 J
ans: A
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
93 35. The weight of an object on the moon is one-sixth of its weight on Earth. The ratio of the
kinetic energy of a body on Earth moving with speed V to that of the same body moving with
speed V on the moon is:
A. 6:1
B. 36:1
C. 1:1
D. 1:6
E. 1:36
ans: C
36. Which of the following is the correct combination of dimensions for energy?
A. MLT
B. LT2 /m
C. ML2 /T2
D. M2 L3 T
E. ML/T2
ans: C
37. The amount of work required to stop a moving object is equal to:
A. the velocity of the object
B. the kinetic energy of the object
C. the mass of the object times its acceleration
D. the mass of the object times its velocity
E. the square of the velocity of the object
ans: B
38. A 5.0-kg cart is moving horizontally at 6.0 m/s. In order to change its speed to 10.0 m/s, the
net work done on the cart must be:
A. 40 J
B. 90 J
C. 160 J
D. 400 J
E. 550 J
ans: C
94
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK 39. A crate is initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless table. A constant horizontal force F is
applied. Which of the following five graphs is a correct plot of work W as a function of the
crate’s speed v?
W
W
...
.....
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.
....
.....
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..
.....
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v
A
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.......
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v
B
W
W
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v
C
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W
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v
D
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v
E
ans: D
40. An 8-N block slides down an incline. It has an initial speed of 7 m/s. The work done by the
resultant force on this block is:
A. 3 J
B. 6 J
C. 56 J
D. impossible to calculate without more information
E. none of these
ans: D
41. A 4-kg cart starts up an incline with a speed of 3 m/s and comes to rest 2 m up the incline.
The total work done on the car is:
A. 6 J
B. 8 J
C. 12 J
D. 18 J
E. impossible to calculate without more information
ans: D
42. Two objects with masses of m1 and m2 have the same kinetic energy and are both moving to
the right. The same constant force F is applied to the left to both masses. If m1 = 4m2 , the
ratio of the stopping distance of m1 to that of m2 is:
A. 1:4
B. 4:1
C. 1:2
D. 2:1
E. 1:1
ans: E
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
95 43. A Boston Red Sox baseball player catches a ball of mass m that is moving toward him with
speed v. While bringing the ball to rest, his hand moves back a distance d. Assuming constant
deceleration, the horizontal force exerted on the ball by his hand is:
A. mv/d
B. mvd
C. mv 2 /d
D. 2mv/d
E. mv 2 /(2d)
ans: E
44. A 0.50-kg object moves on a horizontal circular track with a radius of 2.5 m. An external force
of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes around. If it
starts from rest its speed at the end of one revolution is:
A. 9.8 m/s
B. 14 m/s
C. 15 m/s
D. 19 m/s
E. 21 m/s
ans: B
45. A 0.50-kg object moves on a horizontal frictionless circular track with a radius of 2.5 m. An
external force of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes
around. If it starts from rest, then at the end of one revolution the radial component of the
force of the track on it is:
A. 19 N
B. 38 N
C. 47 N
D. 75 N
E. 96 N
ans: B
46. A 2-kg block is attached to a horizonal ideal spring with a spring constant of 200 N/m. When
the spring has its equilibrium length the block is given a speed of 5 m/s. What is the maximum
elongation of the spring?
A. 0
B. 0.05 m
C. 5 m
D. 10 m
E. 100 m
ans: C
96
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK 47. At time t = 0 a particle starts moving along the x axis. If its kinetic energy increases uniformly
with t the net force acting on it must be:
A. constant
B. proportional to t
C. inversely proportional
to t
√
D. proportional to t√
E. proportional to 1/ t
ans: E
48. At time t = 0 a 2-kg particle has a velocity of (4 m/s) î − (3 m/s) ĵ. At t = 3 s its velocity is
(2 m/s) î + (3 m/s) ĵ. During this time the work done on it was:
A. 4 J
B. −4 J
C. −12 J
D. −40 J
E. (4 J)î + (36 J)ĵ
ans: C
49. A particle starts from rest at time t = 0 and moves along the x axis. If the net force on it is
proportional to t, its kinetic energy is proportional to:
A. t
B. t2
C. t4
D. 1/t2
E. none of the above
ans: C
50. A 1.5-kg crate falls from a height of 2.0 m onto an industrial spring scale with a spring constant
of 1.5 × 105 N/m. At its greatest compression the reading on the scale is:
A. 15 N
B. 30 N
C. 1.5 × 103 N
D. 2.1 × 103 N
E. 3.0 × 103 N
ans: E
51. A particle moving along the x axis is acted upon by a single force F = F0 e−kx , where F0 and
k are constants. The particle is released from rest at x = 0. It will attain a maximum kinetic
energy of:
A. F0 /k
B. F0 /ek
C. kF0
D. 1/2(kF0 )2
E. kek F0
ans: A
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
97 52. The mechanical advantage of any machine is:
A. the efficiency of the machine
B. the work done by the machine
C. the ratio of the work done by the machine to the work expended on it
D. the ratio of the force exerted by the machine to the force applied to it
E. the ratio of the force applied to the machine to the force exerted by it
ans: D
53. In raising an object to a given height by means of an inclined plane, as compared with raising
the object vertically, there is a reduction in:
A. work required
B. distance pushed
C. friction
D. force required
E. value of the acceleration due to gravity
ans: D
54. A watt is:
3
A. kg · m/s
B. kg · m2 /s
C. kg · m2 /s3
D. kg · m/s
2
E. kg · m2 /s
ans: C
55. Power has the dimensions of:
A. ML2 /T2
B. MT/L2
C. ML/T2
D. ML2 /T3
E. none of these
ans: D
56. Which of the following five units represents a quantity that is NOT the same as the other four?
A. joule
B. erg
C. watt
D. foot·pound
E. newton·meter
ans: C
98
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK 57. Which of the following five quantities is NOT an expression for energy? Here m is a mass,
g is the acceleration due to gravity, h and d are distances, F is a force, v is a speed, a is an
acceleration, P is power, and t is time.
A. mgh
B. F d
C. 1/2mv2
D. ma
E. P t
ans: D
58. A watt·second is a unit of:
A. force
B. power
C. displacement
D. speed
E. energy
ans: E
59. A watt per hour is a unit of:
A. energy
B. power
C. force
D. acceleration
E. none of these
ans: E
60. A kilowatt·hour is a unit of:
A. power
B. energy/time
C. work
D. power/time
E. force/distance
ans: C
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
99 61. A man moves the 10-g object shown in a vertical plane from position X to position Y along a
circular track of radius 20 m. The process takes 0.75 min. The work done by the man is about:
Y
•
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object
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••
.............
......
...
...
..........................
X
1J
2J
4J
6J
12 J
ans: C
62. A woman lifts a barbell 2.0 m in 5.0 s. If she lifts it the same distance in 10 s, the work done
by her is:
A. four times as great
B. two times as great
C. the same
D. half as great
E. one-fourth as great
ans: C
63. An escalator is used to move 20 people (60 kg each) per minute from the first floor of a department store to the second floor, 5 m above. Neglecting friction, the power required is
approximately:
....
.......
.......
.......
.
.
.
.
.
.
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.
.
.
.
.
.........
.
......
..
.......
.......
.......
.......
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.......
.......
...........
.......
.......
......
.
.
.
.
.
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.
.
.
.
.
.
.......
......
◦
......
.......
......
............
30
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
100
100 W
200 W
1000 W
2000 W
60, 000 W
ans: C
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
↑
|
|
|
5m
|
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↓ 64. A person holds an 80-N weight 2 m above the floor for 30 seconds. The power required to do
this is:
A. 80 W
B. 40 W
C. 20 W
D. 10 W
E. none of these
ans: E
65. A 50-N force is the only force on a 2-kg object that starts from rest. When the force has been
acting for 2 s the rate at which it is doing work is:
A. 75 W
B. 100 W
C. 1000 W
D. 2500 W
E. 5000 W
ans: D
66. A 50-N force is the only force a 2-kg crate that starts from rest. At the instant the object has
gone 2 m the rate at which the force is doing work is:
A. 2.5 W
B. 25 W
C. 75 W
D. 100 W
E. 500 W
ans: E
67. A particle starts from rest and is acted on by a net force that does work at a rate that is
proportional to the time t. The speed of the particle is proportional to:
√
A.
t
B. t
C. t2 √
D. 1/ t
E. 1/t
ans: A
Chapter 7:
KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK
101
Kinetic Energy and Work
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