‭Approaches to developing information systems‬ ‭ etermining information needs and system functions can generally be done in‬ D ‭three ways, the basis of which varies:‬ ‭-‬‭The existing information management system as a starting‬‭point‬ ‭ he information needs and system functions are initially determined as best as‬ T ‭possible on the basis of the existing information management system (automated‬ ‭and/or manual), after which the question is asked what, on closer inspection, is‬ ‭unnecessary and what additional information is desired. The philosophy underlying‬ ‭these methods is that the most real needs have already been reflected in the‬ ‭existing information system. A further breakdown of this principle is based on the‬ ‭existing division of labor between all participants in the information provision‬ ‭(usually the administrative apparatus) or on the events that give rise to primary‬ ‭registrations.‬ ‭-‬‭The existing organization and business processes‬‭as a starting point‬ ‭ hen determining the information needs and system functions, these are not primarily‬ W ‭derived from the existing information systems, but from an analysis of the object system‬ ‭involved. The researcher first studies the business processes within each department‬ ‭separately and therefore follows the existing pattern of task or labor division, which can‬ ‭of course differ from business unit to business unit. For each individual process step, the‬ ‭researcher checks:‬ ‭-‬ ‭W hat information triggers that action;‬ ‭-‬ ‭W hich alternatives must be chosen with regard to that action and what‬ ‭information must be available when making that choice (and how quickly);‬ ‭-‬ ‭that information is needed to determine the feasibility or acceptability of the‬ ‭ ction in a timely manner;‬ a ‭-‬ ‭W hat information is needed to take the necessary preparatory measures in a timely‬ -‭ ‬ ‭manner; What details must be available with regard to the action to be‬ ‭performed for the purpose of correct and efficient execution;‬ ‭-‬ ‭W hich riskicos threaten correct and efficient implementation and what data‬ ‭(and at what time intervals) must be available to mitigate those risks or resulting‬ ‭damage. to a minimum.‬ ‭-‬‭T he desired organization and business processes as‬‭a starting point‬ ‭ o address these latter concerns, approaches such as Business Process Redesign‬ T ‭(BPR) have emerged. These approaches are based on joint development of the‬ ‭organization and information provision. The (corporate) vision is used as a starting‬ ‭point and the business processes are redesigned, using information provision as a‬ ‭c atalyst to make the new organization possible. Under this principle, the information‬ ‭needs are derived from the products or services to be delivered to customers and‬ ‭the actions required to realize these products or services. Extensive attention is also‬ ‭paid to information required for the management and control of the (redesigned)‬ ‭business processes.‬ ‭Integral elements of ICT projects‬ ‭ he above three elements serve together must be designed and integrated so that‬ T ‭all three elements are well coordinated.‬