Product Design Exam Answers Part 2

31. The concept development phase consists of many sequential activities; however, the whole process is often _______ in nature. a) linear b) iterative c) circular d) exponential Answer: B 32. A bookcase is an example of a: a) generic (market pull) product b) process-intensive product c) high-risk product d) complex system Answer: A 33. A cell phone is an example of a: a) quick-build product b) platform product c) generic (market pull) product d) high-risk product Answer: A 34. Gore-Tex rainwear is an example of a: a) quick-build product b) platform product c) generic (market pull) product d) technology-push product Answer: D 35. Pharmaceuticals are an example of: a) quick-build products b) generic (market pull) products c) high-risk products d) technology-push products Answer: C 36. Computers are an example of: a) quick-build products b) platform products c) generic (market pull) products d) complex systems Answer: B 37. An airplane is an example of a: e) quick-build product f) high-risk product g) generic (market pull) product h) complex system Answer: H 38. Batteries are: a) customized products b) high-risk products c) generic (market pull) products d) complex systems Answer: A 39. Breakfast cereals are: a) customized products b) high-risk products c) process-intensive products d) complex systems Answer: C 40. Restaurant services are: a) customized products b) product-service systems c) process-intensive products d) complex systems Answer: B 41. The process flow diagram for product development can be categorized as a: a) generic product development process b) spiral product development process c) complex system development process d) all of the above Answer: D 42. Many iteration cycles occur between Design and Testing in a: a) generic product development process b) spiral product development process c) complex system product development process d) none of the above Answer: B 43. The ______________ includes parallel sets of Design and Testing for subsystems. a) generic product development process b) spiral product development process c) complex system product development process d) none of the above Answer: C 44. A product development team’s members or groups can be linked together by: a) reporting relationships b) financial arrangements c) physical layout d) all of the above Answer: D 45. A company’s organizational structure can be aligned with: a) a function usually involving specialized education, training, or experience b) a specific project c) both a function and a project d) all of the above Answer: D 46. In functional organizations, employees are linked together based on: a) similar functions b) projects c) similar behavioral atÝtudes d) none of the above Answer: A 47. In project organizations, employees are linked together based on: a) similar functions b) projects c) similar behavioral atÝtudes d) None of the above Answer: B 48. The two variants of a matrix organization are: a) lightweight and medium-weight b) medium-weight and heavyweight c) heavyweight and lightweight d) none of the above Answer: C 49. Multi-national corporations achieve cost saving through lower wages by establishing ______ product development teams. a) core b) extended c) distributed d) none of the above Answer: C 50. Distributed product development teams are useful because of their: a) access to information about regional markets and availability of technical expertise b) cost saving through lower wages and location of manufacturing facilities and suppliers c) outsourcing to increase product development capacity d) all of the above Answer: D Multiple choice questions on Chapter 3: Opportunity Identification 21. In the context of product development, an opportunity is: e) a financial revenue for a product f) a market for a new product g) an idea for a new product h) none of the above Answer: C 22. Two useful dimensions for categorizing opportunities for technology-based products are knowledge of the _________, and knowledge of the__________. a) technology; market b) technology; legal system c) legal system; market d) finances; legal system Answer: A Figure 3-1: Examples of different types of opportunities 23. In Figure 3-1 above, the risk and uncertainty levels from Horizon 1 to Horizon 3 a) decrease b) increase c) do not change d) increase and then decrease Answer: B 24. An opportunity tournament is a process which: e) filters a few exceptional opportunities from large numbers of options f) generates a few mediocre opportunities g) does not seek high quality opportunities h) is not very helpful in the product development process Answer: A 25. Following is not one of the ways to increase the number of excellent opportunities: a) generate a large number of opportunities b) generate a small number of opportunities c) seek high quality of the opportunities generated d) create high variance in the quality of opportunities Answer: B 26. Opportunity Identification is a (n) _______ process compared to the rest of the product development process. a) Inexpensive b) expensive c) equally expensive d) lengthy and difÏcult Answer: D 27. The basic ways to create excellent opportunities are: a) generating a large number of opportunities b) seeking to generate high quality opportunities c) creating a high variance in the quality of opportunities d) all of the above Answer: D 28. Opportunity identification can be divided into a _______ step process. a) four b) five c) six d) seven Answer: C 29. The first step of the opportunity identification process is to: a) select exceptional opportunities b) screen opportunities c) establish a charter d) develop promising opportunities Answer: C 30. A narrow charter allows teams: e) not to pursue any opportunity f) to avoid wasting effort generating opportunities unlikely to be pursued g) to generate opportunities that may otherwise have never been considered h) to pursue unlimited opportunites Answer: B 31. A broad charter is recommended for a new product because it: a) helps to generate opportunities that may otherwise have never been considered b) allows teams to avoid wasting effort generating opportunities unlikely to be pursued c) allows teams not to pursue any opportunity d) none of the above Answer: A 32. Data shows that most of the innovation opportunities in organizations are generated: e) by suppliers f) by customers g) internally h) by distribution partners Answer: C 33. Data shows that the two most useful sources of innovation opportunities in organizations are generated: a) Internally and by independent inventors b) Externally and by customers c) Internally and by customers d) in universities, and by distribution partners Answer: C 34. Which of the following techniques is NOT a good practice to generate opportunities? a) follow a personal passion b) study customers c) imitate, but better d) have managers decide on their own Answer: D 35. The textbook discusses Matt Kressy, an avid bicyclist, who invented the nutrient delivery system. This is an example of generating opportunity by: a) following a personal passion b) compiling bug lists c) pulling opportunities from VRIN resources d) none of the above Answer: A 36. The unique resources for a company to achieve above-average profits are: a) capabilities b) core competencies c) competitive advantage d) all of the above Answer: D 37. To be competitive, a firm’s resources must be: a) easily available b) imitable c) rare d) substitutable Answer: C 38. Following a personal passion, compiling bug lists, pulling opportunities from capabilities, and studying customers are all ways to: a) generate and sense opportunities b) develop promising opportunities c) screen opportunities d) select exceptional opportunities Answer: A 39. Studying customers, considering implications of trends, mining sources, and imitating products innovated by other firms are all ways to: a) develop promising opportunities b) generate and sense opportunities c) screen opportunities d) select exceptional opportunities Answer: B 40. The “Trek Lime” bicycle as described in the textbook is an example of successfully generating opportunities by using the “____________” approach. a) imitate, but better b) study customers c) pull opportunities from capabilities d) mine your sources Answer: B 41. Looking for innovation opportunities by studying social, technological or environmental trends is an effective way to: a) develop promising opportunities b) screen opportunities c) generate and sense opportunities d) select exceptional opportunities Answer: C 42. Growing environmental awareness creates a market for green products. This is an example of the “______________” approach to generating opportunities. a) study customers b) compile bug lists c) imitate, but better d) consider implications of trends Answer: D 43. Driving an innovation “down market” can be a source for generating opportunities based on the ______________ approach. a) implication of trends b) imitate, but better c) study customers d) mine your sources Answer: B 44. De-commoditizing a commodity can be a source for generating opportunities based on the _____________ approach. a) implication of trends b) study customers c) imitate, but better d) mine your sources Answer: C 45. Altoids, as described in the textbook, is an example of a product that was created by using the “____________” approach for generating opportunities. a) implication of trends b) imitate, but better c) study customers d) mine your sources Answer: B 46. Generating opportunities by imitation may draw from the following sources: a) the media and marketing activities of other firms b) de-commoditizing a commodity c) importing geographically isolated innovations d) all of the above Answer: D 47. Howard Schultz was infatuated with Milan’s café culture and espresso-based drinks and founded Starbucks. He used the “___________” approach to generating opportunities. a) mine your sources b) imitate, but better c) compile bug lists d) copy exactly Answer: B 48. University and government laboratories and online idea submissions are among the sources that can be used for generating opportunities based on the “___________________” approach. a) b) c) d) mine your sources imitate, but better implication of trends study customers Answer: A 49. Lead users and representation in social networks are among the sources that can be used for generating opportunities based on the “______________” approach. a) imitate, but better b) implication of trends c) mine your sources d) study customers Answer: C 50. The cricket and softball leagues in Silicon Valley have played a key role in facilitating the exchange of ideas leading to opportunities for new products. This is an example of the “ ___________” approach in generating opportunities. a) study customers b) mine your sources c) imitate, but better d) compile bug lists Answer: B 51. Generating opportunities using the “mine your sources” approach could involve: a) lead users and representation in social networks b) universities and government laboratories c) online idea submission d) all of the above Answer: D 52. External sources for generating opportunities include: a) lead users b) representation in social networks c) university and government laboratories d) all of the above Answer: D 53. The computer company Dell runs a Web site called Idea Storm for the purpose of: a) collaborating with other computer companies b) fundraising to distribute laptops to the needy children c) soliciting innovation opportunities from customers d) rejecting unfeasible ideas Answer: C 54. In the Opportunity Identification process, Web-based surveys are used to: a) screen opportunities b) generate opportunities c) develop opportunities d) reflect on opportunities Answer: A 55. In the Opportunity Identification process, Multi-voting is a method used to: a) generate opportunities b) develop opportunities c) screen opportunities d) select exceptional opportunities Answer: C 56. Developing promising opportunities involves: a) pursuing a few screened opportunities b) pursuing one ideal opportunity c) pursuing the opportunities which do not have any uncertainty d) none of the above Answer: A 57. In the Opportunity Identification process, the real-win-worth technique is used to: e) generate opportunities f) select exceptional opportunities g) develop available opportunities h) reflect on opportunities Answer: B 58. A great opportunity identifying process may result in a failed product due to: a) changes in consumer demand b) increases in the price of raw materials c) competitors coming out with a superior product d) all of the above Answer: D 59. A product development team should not consider following factor when reflecting on their results and process of opportunity identification phase: a) whether filtering criteria were biased or not b) the number and type of opportunities considered c) market success of the product d) marketing and sales plan for the product Answer: D 60. The last step of the opportunity identification process is to: a) develop promising opportunities b) screen opportunities c) reflect on the results and the process d) establish a charter Answer: C