Green Buildings - New Markets and Services

Laboratory for Sustainable Business Green Buildings – New Services and Products from Market Transformation Basic Statistics • Construction expenditures ~$5 trillion per year worldwide (New and Renovation/rehabilitation) – US construction expenditures • ~$1.1 trillion in 2007 • ~8% GDP (US Census, 2007) – China construction expenditures • ~$0.6 trillion in 2007 • ~7% of GDP (State Statistics Bureau) • US building construction expenditures ~ 75% of total – Residential ~ $450 mil in 2007 – Other building ~ $374 mil in 2007 Sustainability and Buildings “Buildings account for more than 40% of US energy use..[and] produce 40% of atmospheric emissions…” Resource Use Share of Total (%) Pollution Emissions Share of Total (%) Raw Materials 30% Atmospheric 40% Energy Use 42% Water effluents 20% Water Use 25% Solid Waste 25% Land 12% Other releases 13% Sustainability and The Quality of the Built Environment “It is estimated that Americans spend more than 85% of their time indoors…The quality of indoor environments – levels of indoor contaminants {…}, temperature and humidity, lighting, noise level, furniture and equipment design – can influence a person’s health, comfort, and ability to perform his or her job, to learn, to heal.” Federal Facilities Council, “Implementing HealthProtective Features and Practices in Buildings”, 2005. Attributes of Green/Healthy Buildings • Sensitive to Natural Environment • Effective with resources, including water, energy, and material • Contribution to community • Durable and Dry (avoid accumulation of excessive moisture) • Comfortable, in air quality and temperature • Quiet with improved acoustical quality • Well-lit, with adequate natural and artificial light • Well-maintained in surfaces and systems Expected Benefits From Sustainable Buildings (USGBC) Environmental benefits: * Enhance and protect ecosystems and biodiversity * Improve air and water quality * Reduce solid waste * Conserve natural resources Economic benefits: * Reduce operating costs * Enhance asset value and profits Improve employee productivity and satisfaction * Optimize life-cycle economic performance Health and community benefits: * Improve air, thermal, and acoustic environments * Enhance occupant comfort and health * Minimize strain on local infrastructure * Contribute to overall quality of life Examples of Benefits Accruing From Sustainable Buildings “Good landscaping aesthetics and large shade trees add an average of 7% to rental rates.” (FiBRE, “Financing and valuing sustainable property,” 2007) • Over 50% cost savings (per s.f.) from reductions in O&M costs for waste removal, cleaning supplies and labor, electricity, air filters, water, landscaping (Sheehy, “Lessons Learned: Costs and Benefits of High Performance Buildings”, 2006, p. 95) • “Performance of simulated office work was increased 6-9% by the removal of common indoor sources of air pollution […] while increasing the clean air ventilation rate.” (NRC, “Green Schools,” 2007, p. 64.) • 14-17% ROI from energy use reductions, and 5-17% from water, sewer and stormwater reduction on new university building at Portland State University (Gregory, “Lessons Learned: Costs and Benefits of High Performance Buildings”, 2006, p. 111) • Trends in Green Buildings •~2% of all Buildings are “Green” (USGBC, McGraw-Hill, 2006) •Expected: 82% of US corporations will green at least 16% of their building portfolios by 2009 (McGraw-Hill, 2007) •Growth in City Government Green Programs Percent of Population (Cities) with Green Building Programs TOTAL Eastern Population Middle #cities Mountain Western 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Green Buildings – Rating Systems • US Green Building Council LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) – Types: • New Buildings • Existing Buildings – Quantity • Single Building • Multiple Buildings • UK BREEAM • Australia Green Star Rate Your Home (Based on LEED for Homes Pilot and Green Guide for Health Care 2.1 Pilot) Certified: 30-49 Category Silver:50-69 Gold: 70-89 Location and Linkages Platinum: 90Sustainable Site 137 Immediate Points Improvement Mid-term Points Improvement 14 7 7 Water Efficiency 12 1 10 Indoor Environmental Quality 24 1 1 Materials and Resources 25 10 3 Energy and Atmosphere 45 Homeowner Awareness 3 2 Innovation and Design 4 4 137 25 TOTAL Maximum Points 10 6 27 Immediate and Mid-Term Improvements in Your Home Value Chain for Buildings: Green Transformation Finance/ Insurance Architect/ Engineer Suppliers Owner Specialty Contractors Manufacturers Program/ Construction Manager Government Value Chain for Buildings: Green Transformation Finance/ Insurance Architect/ Engineer Suppliers Owner Specialty Contractors Manufacturers Program/ Construction Manager Government New Green Building Services • Finance – Green Building Financing Services (e.g. Bank of America) – Green Building Insurance Services (e.g. Fireman’s Fund) – Green REITs (e.g. Revival Fund Management) New Green Building Services • Design – Green Building Special Design (e.g. Energy Smiths) – Green Building Modeling (e.g. Whole Building Design Guide – Tools) New Green Building Services • Construction – Green Construction Management (e.g., CH2MHill) – Waste Management (e.g. Gypsum Recycling Internt’l) – Commissioning (e.g. Building Commissioning Assoc) New Green Building Services (cont’d) • Operations – Post-occupancy evaluations – Occupancy sensors and controls (e.g. Aircuity) – Energy Service Companies (ESCO) (e.g. Natl Assoc of ESCO) – Reliability-Centered Maintenance (e.g. Trane Corp) – Remote Operations Monitoring and Control (e.g. Johnson Controls and Gridlogix) – Green cleaning (e.g. Seventh Generation) – Integrated pest management New Sloan Building (E62) Sustainable Design Elements Expected to qualify for a “LEED Silver” or higher rating. • Lighting at an average energy use below 1 watt per square foot (sq.ft.), • Cooling at over 700 sq.ft. per ton, • Heating at about 10 BTUH/sq.ft., • Control of heat gain by high performance glazing supplemented by motor-operated window shading in critical application • Occupancy sensing and demandbased ventilation New Sloan Building (E62) Sustainable Design Elements • Careful sizing of pumps and fans to reduce parasitic loads. • Operable windows • Individual space temperature control. • Water-based terminal units like chilled beams and radiant panels • Partial “Green” roof • Potential: Photovoltaic panels • Diverted demolition and construction waste New Green Building Product: Green Roofs – Soil layer with shallow root plants captures rainwater and reduces runoff – Lowers roof (and building) temperature, lowering cooling loads New Green Building Product: Chilled Beams • Chilled tubes circulate cold water • As hot air rises, it hits the tubes, cools, and falls • Expected energy savings: 20-50% • Potential cost reduction: 10%+ (compared to VAV) • Higher air quality and comfort New Green Building Product: Building Integrated PV • Translucent glass with PV elements allows light into building and generates electricity • 3.9 peak watts per square foot (ASI Glass Solar Modules for Building Integrated Photovoltaics, Schott, Elmsford, NY) New Green Building Product: Permeable Paving • Provide storm water absorption into groundwater • Reduces storm water runoff • Can be made with recycled materials (asphalt, concrete, plastic) New Green Building Product: Bamboo Flooring – Rapidly renewable – Nontoxic in fabrication – Easily cleaned – Durable New Green Building Product: Grey Water Capture and Re-Use • Captures gray water from showers, sinks, washing machines, and cleans it for re-use for toilets or landscape • Reduces water use by 3540% New Green Building Product: Aerated Concrete Blocks • Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks • Uses sterile mine tailings • High insulative value • Easy to stack New Green Building Product: Moisture and Insulative Wrap • Lightweight structural sheathing panels • 100% recycled cardboard and aluminum-foil facings. • Pressure-laminated with a special water-resistant, nontoxic adhesive. Steps to Improve Built Environment • Inventory building(s) in resource use (e.g., energy, water, solid waste), performance, and condition (deterioration, change in use) • Reduce => Eliminate waste • Increase resource use efficiency • Replace resource use where possible • Upgrade to enhance attributes of healthy buildings • Monitor performance • Continually upgrade operations and building(s) to meet objectives