Italian and German Unification

Italian and German Unification Directions: Using the video in the 7.1 Assignment and your McKay textbook, Chapter 23, answer the following questions. Italian Unification: 1.​ What role did Mazzini play in the unification of Italy? (successes and failures) Mazzini believed Italy should be one united republic. He started the group Young Italy and inspired people with nationalism. His success was spreading the idea of unity. His failure was that his revolts didn’t really work and he couldn’t actually unite Italy himself. 2.​ What are the political, social and economic views of Cavour? How does he differ than Mazzini? Cavour was different. He didn’t want a republic, he wanted a king in charge. He believed in slow change, business, and making Italy stronger with industry. He used politics and deals instead of revolutions like Mazzini. 3.​ In what ways is Cavour successful and in what ways could you argue he failed? Give specific examples. Cavour was successful because he helped unite northern Italy and got Austria out of some land. But he didn’t finish unifying Italy and depended a lot on other countries. 4.​ How did he use France (Napoleon III) to his advantage? He used France by making a deal with Napoleon III. France helped fight Austria. In return, France got Nice and Savoy. 5.​ What is a result of the Franco Austrian War? Why is this disappointing for Cavour? After the Franco-Austrian War, Austria lost Lombardy. That helped Italy. But Napoleon stopped the war early, which made Cavour mad because Austria still had some land. 6.​ What led to the unification of Northern Italy and what effect did this have? Northern Italy became more united after beating Austria. More states joined Piedmont, which made Italy stronger. 7.​ What is Garibaldi’s role in the Unification of Italy? Garibaldi took over southern Italy with his Red Shirts. Then he gave the land to the king. That helped finish uniting Italy 8.​ What problems did Italy face after unification? After unification, Italy had problems. The north was rich and industrial. The south was poor. There was political fighting and not everyone felt united. 9.​ How did they gain the remaining territories by 1870? By 1870, Italy got Rome after France removed its troops because of another war. Rome became the capital German Unification: 1.​ What social and economic conditions affect German nationalist attitudes? German states were getting more industrial and connected through trade. This made people feel more united and nationalistic. 2.​ What is Bismarck’s dispute with the liberals in the Prussian parliament over? Bismarck fought with liberals because they didn’t want to spend more money on the army, but he did 3.​ What does Bismarck mean by “blood and iron”? means Germany would be united by war and military power, not talking 4.​ Why does Bismarck get away with collecting taxes and expanding the military without parliament consent? He kept collecting taxes without approval because the king backed him and he ignored parliament. 5.​ Why does he go to war with Denmark? What is the situation that provokes it? What is his plan? He fought Denmark because of land called Schleswig and Holstein. Denmark tried to control it. Bismarck used that as a reason to go to war 6.​ Who and by what means does he gain allies or keep other nations from intervening? Give specific examples. He made sure other countries wouldn’t stop him. He worked with Austria at first. He kept France out of it. Russia stayed friendly 7.​ What is the issue that causes war with Austria? Who officially declares war? Who sides with Austria and who sides with Prussia? War with Austria happened over who controlled Schleswig and Holstein. Prussia fought Austria. Some German states supported Austria, others supported Prussia. 8.​ Why does Prussia win the Austro-Prussian war? Prussia won because they had a stronger army and better weapons. 9.​ What is the outcome of the Austro-Prussian war? After the war, Austria was kicked out of German politics. Prussia became the main power. 10.​How does Bismarck manipulate the situation between Prussia and France… a.​ What is Bismarck’s aim? Bismarck edited a message to make France angry. b.​ What is the event that allows him to move forward? His goal was to unite Germany under Prussia. c.​ Why is Napoleon quick to declare war? What is his aim? France declared war because they felt insulted and wanted to look strong d.​ Why do other nations stay out of the Franco-Prussian War? (Britain, Italy, Austria and Russia) Other countries stayed out because they didn’t want to get involved or were weak