University:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Course:
21G.223 | Listening, Speaking, and Pronunciation
Academic year:

2020
Views:

54

Pages:

4
Author:

toeriepi1

POSITIONAL VARIATION Initial stop consonants (p,b,t,d,k,g) Compare: pill bill time dime cage gauge Initial voiceless stops are ASPIRATED (symbol = t;h) Medial voiceless stops (p, t, k) paper upper/appear tutor attic/attack cooking decade/decayed apple/apply criti c/criti que bacon/become At the beginning of a stressed syllable, medial voiceless stops are also aspirated 1 "--- .. Medial Inti before an unstressed syl/able = "disappearing It/" in(t)ernational San(t)a Claus quan(t)ity en(t)ertainment Wi n(t)er Quarter twen(t)y-three Medial Ihl also tends to disappear before unstressed syl/ables inhibit historic vehicular in(h)ibition pre(h)istoric ve(h)icle , ve(h)emently Special Case of a medial/II and Inl III = SYLLABIC [r;', .!I!lstressed syllable with I] Inl syllabic ' . ~ -- [~] syllabic [I] I glottalized It/: important certainly sentence nasal release on /d/: sudden wouldn't bread and butter little bottle riddle tunnel metal/medal/meddle 2 Final Consonants Compare: bus buzz How are they different? ·voiceless/voiced final consonant ·vowel length (symbol = V:) ·for fricatives & affricates: length/strength of release seyf sey:v pleys pley:z tiye tiy:d r1t5 rr:d3 ·for stops: voiced & voiceless UNRELEASED (symbol 3 =CO) Special case: Medial ItI The NAE flap If I Listen: water butter Compare: forty pretty fourteen atom atomic matter master What's the difference between the medial ItI in the two columns? RULE--What two conditions must be met for a flap to occur? 1. between voiced sounds 2. at-.the-beginning-Of-an unstressed syllable 4