University:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Course:
3.091SC | Introduction to Solid State Chemistry
Academic year:

2024
Views:

203

Pages:

4
Author:

do3ran7ut

3.091 OCW Scholar Self-Assessment Aqueous Solutions Supplemental Exam Problems for Study Solutions Key Problem #1 (a) Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in each equilibrium by drawing a line connecting each acid with its conjugate base, and identify the acid of each acid/base pair: (8%) (i) CH3CO2H(aq) + NH3(aq) CH3CO2(aq) + NH4+ (aq) (ii) SbF5(aq) + 2 HF(aq) H2F+ (aq) + SbF6(aq) (b) A 1.11 M solution of fluoroacetic acid, FCH2CO2H, is 5% dissociated in water. (i) Calculate the value of the pKa of FCH2CO2H. (8%) 3.26 10 ( Ka ) = 2.49 -3 (ii) Calculate the value of the pH of the solution. (3%) base Problem #2 Chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)3) dissolves in water according to Cr(OH)3 = Cr3+(aq) + 3 OH–(aq) Ksp = 6.31 × 10–31 at 25ºC Calculate the solubility of chromium hydroxide in 3.091 nM (3.091 × 10−9 M) NaOH(aq). Express your answer in moles of Cr(OH)3 per liter of solution. Problem #3 Comment on the solubility of iodine (I2) in each of these liquids: (1) carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); (2) hydrogen fluoride (HF). State whether at room temperature you expect I2 to be highly soluble or almost insoluble, and explain why. (1) I2 in CCl4(A) Highly soluble because both I2 and CCl4 are nonpolar and therefore have the capability of mixing. (2) I2 in HF(A) Amost insoluble because I2 is a homopolar molecule and therefore nonpolar while HF is polar with hydrogen-bonding capability. Problem #4 (a) The water dissociation equilibrium constant, Kw, expresses the relationship between hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxyl (OH–) concentrations by the expression Kw = [H3O+][OH–] Owing to the presence of dissolved salts the value of pKw for seawater is 13.776 (not 14.00 as it is for pure water), where pKw is defined as –log10Kw. Calculate the concentration of hydroxyl ions (OH–) in seawater at a pH value of 7.00. Express your answer in moles OH– per liter of solution (M). (b) Would seawater at a pH value of 7.00 be classified acidic, basic, or neutral? Explain. alkaline: pH of 7.00 is more alkaline than 13.776 / 2 = 6.89. (c) Give an example of a dissolved salt that would cause the shift in the value of pKw for seawater to 13.776 from the commonly accepted value of 14.00 which is valid for pure water. Justify your choice of salt. Choose any hydroxide such as NaOH or Ca(OH)2 the presence of OH− operates through the common ion effect to shift the neutrality point of the acid-base equilibrium

Self-Assessment: Aqueous Solutions, Supplemental Problem Solutions

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