University:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Course:
3.091SC | Introduction to Solid State Chemistry
Academic year:

2024
Views:

203

Pages:

5
Author:

Caussyhalp74

3.091 OCW Scholar Self-Asessment Bonding and Molecules Supplemental Exam Problems for Study Solutions Key Problem #1 Answer the following questions about hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). (a) Draw the Lewis structure of H2O2. (b) Draw a 3-dimensional representation of the molecular geometry of the molecule. (c) Name the geometry of the electron distribution about the oxygen atoms. (d) Determine the per cent ionic character of the O–H bond. (e) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? Explain. (f) Is it chiral or achiral? Explain. (g) Calculate the maximum wavelength of a beam of neutrons capable of breaking the O–H bond in H 2 O2 . DATA: Average Bond Energies (kJ/mol) O–O 142 H–H 432 Problem #2 (a) Draw the Lewis structure of trichloromethane (CHCl3). (b) Is CHCl3 polar or nonpolar? Explain. (c) Calculate the maximum wavelength of electromagnetic radiation capable of breaking the CCl bond in CHCl3. DATA: bond energy (kJ/mol) CC = 346 ClCl = 240 HH = 432 Problem #3 Epotential Sketch the relationship between potential energy (Epotential) and internuclear distance (r) for the interaction between a bromide ion (Br) and an iodide ion (I). For reference, the distance ro = rBr + rI is shown. No calculations necessary. 0 ro r Problem #4 (a) For each set of chemical species, rank in order of boiling point from lowest to highest. Justify with reference to the operative chemical bonding. (i) Ar and HCl and F2 HCl is polar; Ar and F2 are nonpolar. ∴HCL has the highest b.p. Ar and F2 have the same number of e−s but Ar is more polarizable – no e−s are confined to bonds ∴Ar b.p. is higher than that of F2 so the rank order of b.p.s is F2 < Ar < HCl by the way, you can look up the b.p.s and polarizabilities of Ar and F2 on the P.T. so there is no mystery here ☺ (ii) CH4 and CF4 and HF HF is polar and has H-bonding capability; CH4 and CF4 are nonpolar. ∴HF has the highest b.p. CH4 and CF4 have the same molecular structure but CF4 has more e−s and is larger and is therefore more polarizable ∴ CF4 b.p. is higher than that of CH4 so the rank order of b.p.s is CH4 < CF4 < HF Problem #5 (a) Draw a 3-dimensional representation of the molecular geometry around the central atom (not simply the Lewis structure) of BrF3. (b) Name the type of hybrid orbitals that the central atom forms. (c) State whether the molecule is polar or nonpolar. Justify.