University:
Meredith College
Course:
GEO 200 | Earth Science
Academic year:

2024
Views:

488

Pages:

2
Author:

Amy TGT

Crystal Any solid, regularly-arranged compound whose atoms are arranged in a regular, periodically repeated 3D pattern. Crystalline Structure The repeated 3D arrangement of atoms in a crystal. Crystal Form Flat surface that develops if a crystal grows freely in an unconstrained environment. Crystal Habit The characteristic shape of an individual crystal. Cleavage The tendency of some minerals to break along flat surfaces, which are planes of weak bonds in the crystal. Well-developed cleavage: nice thin sheets. Fracture The manner in which a mineral breaks other than along planes of cleavage. Hardness The resistance of a mineral to scratching. Mohs Hardness Scale Used to measure the hardness of minerals. 1 (softest) - 10 (hardest) Talc (softest) - Diamond (hardest) Specific Gravity The weight of a substance relative to the weight of an equal volume of water. Many common minerals have a specific gravity of 2.7. Streak The color of a fine powder of a mineral. Luster The manner in which a mineral reflects light. Silicates All contain the anionic group [SiO4]^4-. Carbonates All ... Silicates Make up about 92% of Earth's crust. Native Elements Those that only consist of one element (EX: gold). Only 8 elements make up more than 98% of Earth's crust. Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium. Carbonates Minerals containing the anionic group CO3^2-. Sulfides Minerals containing the anionic group S^2-. Ore Minerals Those from which metals or other elements can be profitably recovered (EX: gold & silver). Industrial Minerals Those that have economic value because of their use in certain products. Gem A mineral prized for its rarity & beauty. Harmful Minerals Asbestos Lead Mercury Arsenic Silicates can become harmful as powder.

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