Computer Science Principles Exam 2023

Section I: Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following best explains how data is typically assembled in packets for transmission over the Internet? (A) Each packet contains data to be transmitted, along with metadata containing information used for routing the data. (B) Each packet contains an encrypted version of the data to be transmitted, along with metadata containing the key needed to decrypt the data. (C) Each packet contains only the metadata used to establish a direct connection so that the data can be transmitted. (D) Each packet contains multiple data files bundled together, along with metadata describing how to categorize each data file. 2. Each student that enrolls at a school is assigned a unique ID number, which is stored as a binary number. The ID numbers increase sequentially by 1 with each newly enrolled student. If the ID number assigned to the last student who enrolled was the binary number 1001 0011, what binary number will be assigned to the next student who enrolls? (A) 1001 0100 (B) 1001 0111 (C) 1101 0100 (D) 1101 0111 2023 3. The following grid contains a robot represented as a triangle. The robot is initially facing right. Which of the following code segments can be used to move the robot to the gray square along the path indicated by the arrows? (A) (B) (C) (D) 2023 4. A user purchased a new smart home device with embedded software and connected the device to a home network. The user then registered the device with the manufacturer, setting up an account using a personal e-mail and password. Which of the following explains how a phishing attack could occur against the user of the smart home device? (A) A vulnerability in the device’s software is exploited to gain unauthorized access to other devices on the user’s home network. (B) A vulnerability in the device’s software is exploited to install software that reveals the user’s password to an unauthorized individual. (C) The user is sent an e-mail appearing to be from the manufacturer, asking the user to confirm the account password by clicking on a link in the e-mail and entering the password on the resulting page. (D) The user’s account is sent an overwhelming number of messages in an attempt to disrupt service on the user’s home network. 5. Which of the following school policies is most likely to have a positive impact on the digital divide? (A) A school allows students to bring a graphing calculator from home to complete in-class mathematics assignments. (B) A school allows students to bring a tablet computer to class every day to participate in graded quizzes. (C) A school provides a laptop or tablet computer to all students enrolled at the school. (D) A school recommends that all students purchase a computer with as much processing speed as possible so that projects run faster.  6. In a certain country, a person must be at least 16 years old to drive a car and must be at least 18 years old to vote. The variable age represents the age of a person as an integer. Which of the following expressions evaluates to true if the person is old enough to drive but not old enough to vote, and evaluates to false otherwise? I. (age ≥ 16) AND (age ≤ 18) II. (age ≥ 16) AND (NOT(age ≥ 18)) III. (age < 18) AND (NOT(age < 16)) (A) II only (B) I and II only (C) I and III only (D) II and III only 2023 7. A Web site uses several strategies to prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing user accounts. Which of the following is NOT an example of multifactor authentication? (A) Each employee for a company is issued a USB device that contains a unique token code. To log into a company computer, an employee must insert the USB device into the computer and provide a correct password. (B) After logging into an account from a new device, a user must enter a code that is sent via e-mail to the e-mail address on file with the account. (C) In order to log into an account, a user must provide both a password and a fingerprint that is captured using the user’s device. (D) When a user enters an incorrect password more than two times in a row, the user is locked out of the account for 24 hours. A list of numbers has n elements, indexed from 1 to n. The following algorithm is intended to display the number of elements in the list that have a value greater than 100. The algorithm uses the variables count and position. Steps 3 and 4 are missing. Step 1: Set count to 0 and position to 1. Step 2: If the value of the element at index position is greater than 100, increase the value of count by 1. Step 3: (missing step) Step 4: (missing step) Step 5: Display the value of count. Which of the following could be used to replace steps 3 and 4 so that the algorithm works as intended?  (A) Step 3: Increase the value of position by 1. Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the value of count is greater than 100. (B) Step 3: Increase the value of position by 1.  8. Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the value of position is greater than n. (C) Step 3: Repeat step 2 until the value of count is greater than 100. Step 4: Increase the value of position by 1. (D) Step 3: Repeat step 2 until the value of position is greater than n. Step 4: Increase the value of count by 1. 2023 9. The following code segment is intended to set max equal to the maximum value among the integer variables x, y, and z. The code segment does not work as intended in all cases. Which of the following initial values for x, y, and z can be used to show that the code segment does not work as intended? (A) x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 (B) x = 1, y = 3, z = 2 (C) x = 2, y = 3, z = 1 (D) x = 3, y = 2, z = 1 10. A digital photo file contains data representing the level of red, green, and blue for each pixel in the photo. The file also contains metadata that describe the date and geographic location where the photo was taken. For which of the following goals would analyzing the metadata be more appropriate than analyzing the data? (A) Determining the likelihood that the photo is a picture of the sky (B) Determining the likelihood that the photo was taken at a particular public event (C) Determining the number of people that appear in the photo (D) Determining the usability of the photo for projection onto a particular color background 2023 11. The following procedure is intended to return the number of times the value val appears in the list myList. The procedure does not work as intended. Line 1: PROCEDURE countNumOccurences(myList, val) Line 2: { Line 3: FOR EACH item IN myList Line 4: { Line 5: count Line 6: IF(item = val) Line 7: { Line 8: 0 count Line 9: count + 1 } Line 10: } Line 11: RETURN(count) Line 12:} Which of the following changes can be made so that the procedure will work as intended? (A) Changing line 6 to IF(item = count) (B) Changing line 6 to IF(myList[item] = val) (C) Moving the statement in line 5 so that it appears between lines 2 and 3 (D) Moving the statement in line 11 so that it appears between lines 9 and 10 12. A certain computer has two identical processors that are able to run in parallel. Each processor can run only one process at a time, and each process must be executed on a single processor. The following table indicates the amount of time it takes to execute each of three processes on a single processor. Assume that none of the processes are dependent on any of the other processes. Process Execution Time on Either Processor X 60 seconds Y 30 seconds Z 50 seconds Which of the following best approximates the minimum possible time to execute all three processes when the two processors are run in parallel? (A) 60 seconds (B) 70 seconds (C) 80 seconds (D) 90 seconds 2023 13. A sorted list of numbers contains 500 elements. Which of the following is closest to the maximum number of list elements that will be examined when performing a binary search for a value in the list? (A) 10 (B) 50 (C) 250 (D) 500 Questions 14–16 refer to the information below. Note: This is a representative sample of questions related to the reading passage. There will be five single-select multiple-choice questions related to a reading passage on the AP Exam. § § A chain of retail stores uses software to manage telephone calls from customers. The system was recently upgraded. Customers interacted with the original system using their phone keypad. Customers interact with the upgraded system using their voice. § § The upgraded system (but not the original system) stores all information from the calling session in a database for future reference. This includes the customer’s telephone number and any information provided by the customer (name, address, order number, credit card number, etc.). § The original system and the upgraded system are described in the following flowcharts.Eachflowchartusesthefollowingblocks. Block Explanation Oval The start of the algorithm Parallelogram An input or output step Diamond A conditional or decision step, where execution proceeds to the side labeled “Yes” if the answer to the question is yes and to the side labeled “No” if the answer to the question is no Rectangle The result of the algorithm 2023 14. The upgraded system uses a directory containing additional information not supplied by the customer. The directory is used to help direct calls effectively. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in the directory? (A) A list of common issues and whether each issue requires a human representative (B) A list of common keywords or phrases and a corresponding issue for each keyword or phrase (C) A list of computers the company owns and the computers’ corresponding IP addresses (D) A list of human representatives and the corresponding department for each representative 2023 15. Of the following potential benefits, which is LEAST likely to be provided by the upgraded system? (A) Human representatives will not be needed to respond to some inquiries. (B) The company will be able to provide a human representative for any incoming call. (C) Customers are likely to spend less time listening to information not relevant to their issue. (D) Customers will be unable to mistakenly select the incorrect department for their particular issue. 16. Which of the following is the most likely data privacy concern of the upgraded system? (A) Customers’ personal information could be compromised if an unauthorized individual gains access to the call session database. (B) Storing information in the call session database makes it easy for individuals to trick the system using malicious links. (C) The system design increases the chance that customers will unknowingly install malware on their devices that will share their data with unauthorized individuals. (D) The system design makes it easy for unauthorized individuals to acquire customers’ private encryption keys. 2023 17. Consider the following procedure. Procedure Call Explanation drawCircle(xPos, yPos, rad) Draws a circle on a coordinate grid with center (xPos, yPos) and radius rad The drawCircle procedure is to be used to draw the following figure on a coordinate grid. Which of the following code segments can be used to draw the figure? Select two answers. (A) x 4 x 4 y 1 y 1 r 0 r 0 (B) REPEAT 3 TIMES REPEAT 3 TIMES { { drawCircle(x, y, r) r r + 1 r r + 1 y y + 1 y y + 1 drawCircle(x, y, r) } (C) } x 4 x 4 y 4 y 4 r 3 r 3 (D) REPEAT 3 TIMES REPEAT 3 TIMES { { } drawCircle(x, y, r) y y - 1 y y - 1 r r - 1 r r - 1 drawCircle(x, y, r) } 2023 18. In the following statement, val1, val2, and result are Boolean variables. Which of the following code segments produce the same result as the statement above for all possible values of val1 and val2 ? Select two answers. (A) (B) (C) (D) 2023