Section 9.4 Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases

Section 9.4: Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases Read pages 271-273 Naming Acids 87   Acid - a compound that contains one or more hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water Hydrogen is most commonly listed first in the compound  Formula: ◼ NOTE: do. HnX Acids do not have to have hydrogen first, but usually Rules for Naming Acids 88 Three rules  Dependent on the anion (the non hydrogen part)  Rule #1 89    When the name of the anion ends in –ide, the acid name begins with hydro-. The stem of the anion has the suffix –ic and is followed by acid. Simply – if there is no oxygen in the acid formula, the formula for the name is hydro-root-ic acid. Example  HCl Cation – Hydrogen ◼ Anion – Chloride ◼ Name of Acid – Hydrochloric Acid ◼ Rule #2 90    When the anion name ends in –ite, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix –ous followed by the word acid. Formula for name: Root-ous acid Example  HClO2 ◼ Cation – Hydrogen ◼ Anion – Chlorite ◼ Name of Acid – Chlorous acid Rule #3 91    When the anion name ends in –ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix –ic followed by the word acid. Formula for name: Root-ic acid Example  HClO3 ◼ Cation – Hydrogen ◼ Anion – Chlorate ◼ Name of Acid – Chloric acid Weird Roots 92  Sulfur and Phosphorus → Sulfuric, Sulfurous  Phosphorus → Phosphoric, Phosphorous  Sulfur Practice Problems 93  Name the following acids: H2SO3 1. 1. Sulfurous Acid HNO3 2. 1. Nitric Acid HBr 3. 1. Hydrobromic Acid H3PO3 4. 1. Phosphorous Acid PO33- is phosphite Writing Formulas for Acids 94   Use the rules in reverse Example:  Write the formula for hydrocyanic acid.  Hydro-root-ic acid means the anion ends in –ide. cation is Hydrogen (H+). ◼ The anion is Cyanide (CN-). ◼ The formula for the acid is HCN. ◼ The Practice Problems 95  Write the formulas for the following acids: Hydroiodic acid 1. 1. Carbonic acid 2. 1. H2CO3 Carbonous acid 3. 1. 4. HI H2CO2 Acetic acid ◼ HC2H3O2 CO22- is carbonite Names and Formulas of Bases 96   Base – a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water Named the same way as an ionic compound: Name of cation, then name of anion.   Anion is usually hydroxide (OH-) but it does not have to be. Example:  NaOH ◼ Cation: Sodium ◼ Anion: Hydroxide ◼ Name of Base: Sodium Hydroxide Try it! 97  Provide the appropriate name or formula of the following bases: Potassium hydroxide 1. 1. KOH Be(OH)2 2. 1. Beryllium Hydroxide RbOH 3. 1. Rubidium Hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide 4. 1. Al(OH)3 A base to take note of: 98 NH3 is ammonia.  This is an example of a base that does NOT contain a hydroxide ion.  Weird Roots 99  Sulfur and Phosphorus → Sulfuric, Sulfurous  Phosphorus → Phosphoric, Phosphorous  Sulfur Ionic That is a representative metal or transition metal with only 1 charge 100 Acid Covalent Name compound using prefixes (second element ends in –ide) Name cation (name stays same) Name anion (ending in –ide) That is a transition metal with multiple possible charges Name cation (use roman numerals) Name anion (ending in –ide) Bonded to a polyatomic ion Name cation (see above) Name anion (polyatomic name) If the anion is hydroxide (OH-) then you have a base Does not contain any oxygen (Anion ends in –ide) Hydro(root)ic acid Anion ends in -ite (Root)ous acid Anion ends in -ate (Root)ic acid Molecular Naming Review 101 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. CO2 CO P2O5 N2O SO2 CBr4 SO2 8. PBr5 9. ICl3 10. NI3 11. N2O3 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Dinitrogen tetroxide Sulfur trioxide Nitrogen monoxide Nitrogen dioxide Diarsenic pentoxide Phosphorus trichloride Carbon tetrachloride Dihydrogen monoxide Selenium hexafluoride Acid/Base Naming Review 102 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Sodium hydroxide Sulfurous acid Hydrosulfuric acid Phosphoric acid Ammonia Hydrocyanic acid Calcium hydroxide Iron (III) hydroxide Hydrophosphoric acid 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. HF H2S H2CO3 LiOH HNO2 Co(OH)2 H2SO4 Be(OH) 2 HBr Quick Quiz Section 9.4 1. An acid is a compound that produces WHAT when dissolved in water? 104 a. b. c. d. Hydroxide ions Hydrogen ions Polyatomic ions Molecules 2. Which of the following formulas is correct for the base: Calcium Hydroxide 105 a. b. c. d. CaOH2 CaH CaOH Ca(OH)2 What’s Next? 106  Practice Problems 22. Write the names of the following compounds: a. NCl3 d. SO3 b. BCl3 e. N2H4 c. Nl3 f. N2O3 23. Write the formulas or names of the following compounds: a. CS2 b. Carbon tetrabromide c. Cl2O7 d. Diphosphorus trioxide 24. Write the molecular formulas of the following compounds: a. Phosphorus pentachloride b. Iodine heptafluoride c. Chlorine trifluoride d. Iodine dioxide 25. The name a student gives for the molecular compound SiCl4 is monosilicon trichloride. Is this name correct? Explain. 29. Name the following acids: 29. HNO2 30. HMnO4 31. HCN 32. H2S 30. Name the following bases: 29. LiOH 30. Pb(OH)2 31. Mg(OH)2 32. Al(OH)3 31. Write formulas for each of the following acids and bases: 29. Carbonic acid 30. Sulfurous acid 31. Iron (III) hydroxide 32. Strontium hydroxide 107 #22 – Write the names for these molecular compounds. 108 a. b. c. d. e. f. NCl3 BCl3 Nl3 SO3 N2H4 N2O3 a. b. c. d. e. f. Nitrogen trichloride Boron trichloride Nitrogen triodide Sulfur trioxide Dinitrogen tetrahydride Dinitrogen trioxide #23 – Write the formulas or names for these molecular compounds. 109 a. b. c. d. CS2 Carbon tetrabromide Cl2O7 Diphosphorus trioxide a. b. c. d. Carbon disulfide CBr4 Dichlorine heptoxide P2O3 #24 – Write the formulas for these binary molecular compounds. 110 a. b. c. d. Phosphorus pentachloride Iodine heptafluoride Chlorine trifluoride Iodine dioxide a. b. c. d. PCl5 IF7 ClF3 IO2 #25 – The name a student gives for the molecular compound SiCl4 is monosilicon trichloride. Is this name correct? Explain. 111  Silicon tetrachloride #29 – Give the names of these acids. 112 A. B. C. D. HNO2 HMnO4 HCN H2S A. B. C. D. Nitrous acid Permanganic acid Hydrocyanic acid Hydrosulfuric acid #30 – Write the names of these bases. 113 A. B. C. D. LiOH Pb(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3 A. B. C. D. Lithium hydroxide Lead (II) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide #32 – Write the formulas of the following acids and bases: 114 A. B. C. D. Carbonic acid Sulfurous acid Iron (III) hydroxide Strontium hydroxide A. B. C. D. H2CO3 H2SO3 Fe(OH)3 Sr(OH)2