University:
Mt. San Antonio College
Course:
ELEC 74 | Microprocessor Systems
Academic year:

2024
Views:

104

Pages:

1
Author:

Dipin K.

The 8086 microprocessor The 8086 microprocessor, released by Intel in 1978, marked a significant advancement in the realm of personal computing. Its 16-bit architecture and robust instruction set made it a favored option for early personal computers and embedded systems. In this document, we will provide an extensive overview of the 8086 microprocessor, encompassing its architecture, instruction set, and key attributes. Architecture of the 8086 The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor, enabling it to process 16 bits of data at a time. Its architecture comprises four primary components: 1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The ALU handles arithmetic and logical operations on data. It can execute addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, as well as logical operations such as AND, OR, and XOR. 2. Control Unit (CU): The CU oversees the execution of instructions. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and transmits control signals to other processor components. 3. Registers: The 8086 incorporates various registers, including general-purpose registers (AX, BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, SP, BP), segment registers (CS, DS, SS, ES), instruction pointer (IP), and flag register, which stores the processor's status flags. 4. Bus Interface Unit (BIU): The BIU manages communication with external devices, such as memory and I/O devices. It governs the bus system and manages memory addressing. Instruction Set The 8086 boasts a diverse instruction set, enabling it to perform a wide array of tasks. The instructions can be categorized into several types, including data transfer, arithmetic, logical, control transfer, string, and I/O instructions. Addressing Modes The 8086 supports several addressing modes, including direct addressing, register addressing, indirect addressing, indexed addressing, based addressing, and based-indexed addressing. Pinout and Interfacing With 40 pins, the 8086 connects to external devices for various purposes, such as addressing bus, data bus, control bus, power supply, and ground. It can be interfaced with memory, I/O devices, and other peripherals using a system bus comprising the address bus, data bus, and control bus. Key Features of the 8086 Key features of the 8086 include its 16-bit architecture, segmented memory, multiple addressing modes, powerful instruction set, and versatile I/O capabilities. The 8086 microprocessor significantly influenced the development of personal computers with its 16-bit architecture, powerful instruction set, and flexible addressing modes. While subsequent processors have surpassed the 8086 in terms of performance and features, its impact on the computing world remains significant.