University:
Northwest College
Course:
VN 120 | Anatomy & Physiology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

261

Pages:

23
Author:

Reina H

Ch. 3 Compartmentation: cells & tissues Cell membrane -> phospholipids & proteins Lumen: the interior of any hollow organ. A lumen may be wholly/partially filled w/ air or fluid extracellular fluid (ECF) fluid outside the cells Intracellular fluid (ICF) fluid within the cells plasma: fluid portion of blood interstitial fluid: fluid that fills the spaces between cells glycocalyx: glycoprotein & glycolipids, found on external surface of the cell, form a protective layer nucleus NOT part of cytoplasm inclusions: particles of insoluble materials inside the cytoplasm microvilli: increase cell surface area Motor proteins: convert stored energy into directed movement Myosins: role in muscle contraction kinesins dyneins ch. 4 energy & cellular metabolism Energy: capacity to do work chemical work: making & breaking of chemical bonds Transport work: enables cells to move ions, molecules, & larger particles thru the cell membrane & membranes of organelles mechanical work: movement in animals -> muscle contraction movement in organelles around in cell, cells changing shape, cillia & flagella beating kinetic energy: energy of motion ex: ball rolling down a hill Potential energy: stored energy ex: ball poised @ top of hill Potential energy -> converts -> kinetic energy some energy will be lost as heat First law of thermodynamics: (Law of conservation of energy) total amount of energy in the universe is constant energy can be converted from one type to another, but total amount of energy in a closed system never changes Second Law of thermodynamics Natural spontaneous processes move from a state of order to a condition of disorder/randomness entropy -> lack of predictability Bioenergetics: energy flow through biological systems Chemical reaction: substance becomes a different substance, usually by the breaking/making of covalent bonds reactants -> products (begins) (ends)