Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

University:
Northwest College
Course:
VN 220 | Medical/ Surgical
Academic year:

2023
Views:

277

Pages:

2
Author:

Yesenia M.

HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS Encephalitis is an acute inflammatory process of the brain tissue. HSV- herpes simplex virus is the most common cause of acute encephalitis in the US. Initial S/S of HSV include : -fever -HA -confusion -hallucinations Focal neurologic deficits : -Fever -HA -Behavioral changes -Focal seizures -Dysphagia -Hemiparesis -Altered LOC ASESSMENT AND DX FINDINGS: EEG and CSF examination- used to dx encephalitis. MRI – used to detect inflammation that shows up as hyperintense bright areas Lumbar puncture- reveals a high opening pressure, glucose within normal limits, and high protein levels in CSF samples PCR (polymerase chain reaction) – the standard test for early dx of HSV encephalitis. It identifies the DNA bands of HSV1 in the CSF with 95% sensitivity and 99% specificity rates MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: Acyclovir- medication of choice . its an antiviral, early administration of antivirals improves the prognosis associated w HSV. Tx should be >3 wks to prevent relapse Slow IV admin over 1hr prevents crystallization of the medication in the urine. Usual dose of acyclovir is < if the pt has a hx of renal insufficiency. NURSING MANAGEMENT: Monitoring neurologic function is key to monitoring the progression of the disease Comfort measures to reduce HA: dimming the lights, limiting noise and visitors, grouping nursing interventions and administering analgesic agents (opiod analgesics may mask neurologic symptomstherefore use cautiously) Safety precautions d/t seizures and altered LOC- prevent injury Monitor bloodwork lab results and urinary output – to alert of complications r/t antiviral therapy