Anatomy And Physiology II - SET 5 Smith

SET 5 The sense of smell is Olfaction The interior eye chamber that is almost completely surrounded by the retina and is filled with vitreous humor is the _____ chamber. Vitreous Earwax is also called _________. Cerumen Accommodation occurs when the _______. Lens changes shape Olfactory neurons are located in the olfactory epithelium of the _____ region of the nasal cavity. Superior As the _____ (number of waves within a time period increases, the pitch ______. Frequency, increases Starting with a photoreceptor cell indicate the pathway of signal conduction 1. Cone cell 2. Bipolar cell 3. Ganglion cell 4. Optic disc 5. Optic nerve The olfactory pathway terminates in the olfactory cortex of the _______ lobe. It can also terminate in the secondary olfactory area of the ______ lobe of the brain. Temporal Frontal Identify the different types of papillae named according to shape. Vallate Filiform Foliate Fungiform The portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity is called the ________ ________. Fovea centralis Under low light conditions the photoreceptors cells which are responsible for vision are the ________. Rods The image focused on the retina is ________. Inverted What do taste cells and olfactory cells have in common? Both are replaced continuously Both are sensory cells The sense of olfaction strongly influences ______ sensations. Taste Contraction of the ciliary muscle will cause the ______. Lens to become more spherical Place the structures that a sound wave will pass through beginning with the external ear and ending with the sensory organ. 1. Auricle 2. External auditory canal 3. Tympanic membrane 4. Auditory ossicles 5. Oval window 6. Spiral organ The membranous tunnel within the bony labyrinth of the inner ear is the _____ _______. Membranous labyrinth Match each structure of the eye with the correct function. Cornea: An avascular, transparent structure that allows light to enter the eye and refracts light. Iris: Structure that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by controlling the size of the pupil. Lens: A transparent, biconvex structure that focuses light. Retina: Converts light into action potentials. Sclera: The white outer layer that protects the internal structures of the eye, maintains the shape of the eye, and provides an attachment point for the extrinsic muscles of the eye. The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that covers/lines the _______. Sclera Inner eyelid The structure that prevents perspiration from running down the forehead into the eyes and shades the eyes from sunlight is the ______ Eyebrow The point where light rays cross after passing through a concave lens is referred to as the _____ point. Focal The sensory organ of the semicircular canal is the _____. Crista ampullaris Match each chamber with the correct description. Anterior chamber: Between the cornea and the iris Posterior chamber: Between the iris and the lens Vitreous chamber: Almost completely surrounded by the retina Which types of papillae contain taste buds? Vallate Fungiform Foliate Which of the following correctly differentiates endolymph and perilymph? Endolymph is within the membranous labyrinth and perilymph is between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth. Endolymph has a high concentration of potassium and a low concentration of sodium compared to the perilymph. What are papillae? Projections on the surface of the tongue. The transparent, biconvex structure in the eye is called the _______. Lens The primary visual cortex is located in the ______ lobe of the cerebrum Occipital Name the three chambers of the eye. Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Vitreous chamber The optic nerves cross, forming the ______ ________. Optic chiasm Light that enters the lens projects to the ______ side of the retina Opposite The 5 major tastants are salt, sour, sweet, _______, and ____. Bitter Umami 5 major tastants Salt Sour Sweet Bitter Umami During near vision, the lens is ______ and during distant vision the lens is ______. Rounded, flattened What are the olfactory vesicles? The bulbous enlargement of the olfactory neuron of the dendrite. Describe the neuronal pathway of taste sensation beginning with reception of taste stimuli to the cerebral cortex. 1. Taste buds 2. Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X 3. Medulla oblongata 4. Thalamus 5. Parietal lobe The area of vision for each eye is called the Visual fields Identify the structures w/in the external auditory canal that prevents foreign objects from reaching the tympanic membrane. Cerumen Hair The process of changing the shape of the lens in order to focus an object onto the retina is referred to as ______. Accommodation The nasal cavity is constantly exposed to environmental agents. How is it possible to maintain our sense of smell throughout our lifetimes? Olfactory cells are replaced by division of basal cells in the olfactory epithelium. Match the structures of the ear to the correct labeled structure. Auricle: A Auditory ossicles: E Cochlea: D Semicircular canals: C Tympanic membrane: B The _________ membrane is a thin, semitransparent membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Tympanic The crista ampullaris is the sensory structure that responds to _______. Movements of the head Match each structure of the eye with the correct function Extrinsic eye muscles: Moves the eyeball Lacrimal glands: Produces tears that lubricates and washes away foreign objects Lens: A transparent, biconvex structure that focuses light Retina: Converts light into action potentials. Vitreous humor: Maintains intra-ocular eye pressure, holds lens and retina in place and aids in light refraction List the structures of the visual system Eye Lacrimal gland The structure of the eye that determines the amount of light that enters the eye by controlling the size of the pupil is the Iris The _____ is called the blind spot because it does not contain any photoreceptors and therefore does not respond to light. Optic disc The fovea centralis is found in the center of a yellow spot on the retina called the Maclua The macula is the sensory organ of balance within the _____. Utricle Saccule When you leave a darkened movie theater and walk into the bright sunlight your eyes undergo several changes. This is known as _______. Light and dark adaption Substances dissolved in saliva that cause the depolarization of taste cells are called Tastants Differentiate rods and cones Rods contain the photoreceptive molecule rhodopsin and cones contain the photoreceptive molecule iodopsin. Name the primary classes of smells Pepperminty Putrid Floral Camphoraceous Identify the functions of the sclera Maintains shape of eye Protects internal structures Provides a point of attachment for the extrinsic eye muscles. The structure that separates the scala tympani of the inner ear from the middle ear is the Round window Identify the structure that dissipates sound waves to protect the inner ear from the buildup of pressure. Round window The nervous tunic of the eye is composed of the _________. Retina Match the papillae to the labeled structure. Filiform: A Fungiform: B Foliate: C Vallate: D Identify the structures that are part of the external ear. External auditory canal Auricle List the auditory ossicles as vibrations pass from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. 1. Malleus 2. Incus 3. Stapes Match the labeled structure with the correct extrinsic muscle of the eye. Superior rectus: A Superior oblique: B Inferior oblique: C Lateral rectus: D Inferior rectus: E What is vitreous humor? The jelly-like substance found in the vitreous chamber List the characteristics of the optic disk. It is where nerve processes exit the eye Blood vessels enter the eye here It is also called the blind spot The avascular, transparent structure that refracts light as it enters the eye is the Cornea Place the tunics of the eyeball in order beginning with the innermost layer. 1. Nervous tunic 2. Vascular tunic 3. Fibrous tunic The muscles that move the eyeball are the superior, inferior, medial and lateral rectus along with the ______ and _______ oblique muscles. Superior Inferior The structure within the cochlea that contains hair cells that detect sound is called the _____. Spiral organ Identify the structure labeled A. Scala vestibuli Match the lettered structure to its name Nervous tunic: A Fibrous tunic: B Vascular tunic: C Identify the components of the fibrous tunic Sclera Cornea Place the following structures in order as vibrations pass from the external ear to the inner ear. 1. Tympanic membrane 2. Malleus 3. Incus 4. Stapes 5. Oval window Match each of the structures of the ear with the appropriate function. Cochlear nerve: Transmits auditory information Vestibular nerve: Transmits sensory information in regards to balance External auditory canal: Transmits sound waves to the tympanic membrane. Cerumenious glands: Produces wax that prevents foreign object from entering deep into the ear. Tympanic membrane: Transmits vibrations to the auditory ossicles Match each accessory structure with the correct function. Conjunctiva: Mucus membrane protecting inner surface of eyelid and anterior surface of sclera Lacrimal apparatus: Protects and lubricates the eyes through the production of tears. Extrinsic eye muscles: Moves the eyeball Eyebrows: Prevents perspiration from entering the eyes and shades the eyes from sunlight Eyelid: Lubricates eyeball by spreading tears over surface of eye and protects eye from foreign objects. Match the labeled structures in the diagram with the correct structure. Retina: A Choroid: B Sclera: C Cornea: D Lens: E Match the parts of the cochlea with the correct description. Cochlear duct: Part of the cochlea between the vestibular membrane and the basilar membrane. Scala tympani: Part of the cochlea below the spiral lamina and the basilar membrane Scala vestibuli: Part of the cochlea above the spiral lamina and the vestibular membrane. Match each structure with the correct location. Auditory tube: Between the middle ear and the pharynx Oval window: Between the middle ear and the scala vestibuli Round window: Between the scala tympani and the middle ear Explain how vibrations within the inner ear lead to the generation of an action potential 1. Vibrations pass through the perilymph, vestibular membrane, and endolymph leading to the movement of the basilar membrane. 2. Bending of the stereocilia 3. Opening of K+ channels and flow of K+ into the hair cells. 4. Cells depolarize and release glutamate. 5. Action potential within the vestibulocochlear nerve. The retina forms the ______ tunic. Nervous Olfaction is the sense of _______. Smell