Introduction to Computing Key Terms and Concepts

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Question TRUE OR FALSE: A shortcut is an icon on the desktop or in a folder that provides a user with immediate access to a program or file. During a cold boot on a personal computer, the POST (power-on self-test) results are compared with data in a ________ chip. A(n) ________ is a private combination of characters associated with a username that allows access to certain computer resources. TRUE OR FALSE: Client operating systems can operate with or without a network. A program called a print ________ intercepts documents to be printed from the operating system and places them in the queue. ________ means the operating system automatically configures new devices as users install them. ________ software, such as operating systems and utility programs, consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of a computer and its devices. TRUE OR FALSE: The advantage of device-dependent operating systems is that users can retain existing application software and data even if they change computer models or vendors. In a ________ , a user types commands or presses special keys on the keyboard (such as function keys or key combinations) to enter data and instructions. TRUE OR FALSE: Some operating systems include a Web browser and an e-mail program, enabling users to begin accessing the Web and communicating with others as soon as they set up the Internet connection. A(n) ________ is the intersection of a column and row in a worksheet. A(n) ________ is application software that includes an appointment calendar, address book, notepad, and other features to help users organize personal information. Which of the following is an example of Web page authoring software? ________ software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks. ________ software allows users to create, access, and manage a database. ________ software is software that allows users to organize data in rows and columns and perform calculations on the data. ________ software enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on a page and then save the page as part of a notebook. A(n) ________ is a rectangular area of the screen that displays data and information. ________ software allows users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics. A(n) ________ contains a list of commands from which a user makes selections. A(n) ________ program is a utility that protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files. A ________ does not replicate itself to other computers. A(n) ________ utility allows users to copy selected files or an entire hard disk to another storage medium. In Windows Operating System, the Windows ________ feature protects your computer from malwares as well as spyware. A(n) ________ is a unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet or numbers, that identifies one specific user. ________ software is privately owned software and limited to a specific vendor or computer model. The ________ is the core of an operating system that maintains the computer’s clock, starts applications, and assigns the computer’s resources, such as devices, Answer TRUE CMOS PASSWORD TRUE SPOOLER PLUG AND PLAY SYSTEM FALSE COMMAND-LINE INTERFACE TRUE CELL PIM ADOBE DREAMWEAVER APPLICATION DATABASE SPREADSHEET NOTE TAKING WINDOW WORD PROCESSING MENU ANTIVIRUS TROJAN HORSE BACKUP DEFENDER USERNAME PROPRIETARY KERNEL programs, data, and information. TRUE OR FALSE: Users today typically run multiple programs concurrently. A(n) ________ is a window that provides information, presents available options, or requests a response. To help organize a presentation, you can view ________ versions of all the slides similarly to how 35mm slides look on a photographer’s light table. When computer users ________ a document, the computer transfers the document from memory to a storage medium. ________ software allows users to create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages, and other information to a group. ________ software provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by converting them into a format that can be viewed by any user. Which of the following is an example of desktop publishing software for the professional? ________ software allows users to modify a segment of a video, called a clip. TRUE OR FALSE: A disadvantage of preemptive multitasking is the operating system loses control if one program stops operating properly. TRUE DIALOG BOX THUMBNAIL SAVE PRESENTATION DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT ADOBE INDESIGN VIDEO EDITING FALSE Compressed files, sometimes called _________. ZIPPED FILES, USUALLY HAVE A ZIPPED EXTENSION Linux is ________ software, which means its code is provided for use, modification, and redistribution. A personal ________ is a utility that detects and protects a computer from unauthorized intrusions. Which of the following is an example of photo editing software for the professional? When using spreadsheet software, the rows and columns collectively are called a(n) ________. A ________ is an instruction that causes a program to perform a specific action. The top of a window has a(n) ________, which is a horizontal space that contains the window’s name. TRUE OR FALSE: Regardless of the size of the computer, most operating systems provide similar functions. The purpose of memory ________________ is to optimize the use of random access memory (RAM). TRUE OR FALSE: Some parts of the operating system are resident; that is, these instructions remain on the hard disk until they are needed. OPEN SOURCE A file is ________. A NAMED COLLECTION OF STORED DATA A(n) ________________ operating system supports two or more processors running programs at the same time. ________ software assists people in becoming more effective and efficient while performing their daily business activities. With virtual memory, a ________________ is the amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time. With ________________ memory, the operating system allocates a portion of a storage medium, usually the hard disk, to function as additional RAM. A font ________, such as bold, italic, and underline adds emphasis to a font. The kernel is memory ________, which means it remains in memory while the computer is running. TRUE OR FALSE: When you purchase a computer, it usually includes a boot disk. TRUE OR FALSE: Using tax preparation software, taxpayers can file their state and federal tax returns online, in a process called e-filing. In the Windows operating system, the ________ is an on-screen work area that has a graphical user interface. Networks, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers allow hundreds to thousands of users to connect at the same time, and thus are TRUE OR FALSE: Most personal finance software includes financial planning features, such as analyzing home and personal loans, preparing income taxes, and managing retirement savings. FIREWALL ADOBE PHOTOSHOP WORKSHEET COMMAND TITLE BAR TRUE MANAGEMENT FALSE MULTIPROCESSING BUSINESS PAGE VIRTUAL STYLE RESIDENT TRUE FALSE DESKTOP MULTIUSER TRUE TRUE OR FALSE: All sizes of computers typically use the same operating system. With ________________ multitasking, the operating system interrupts a program that is executing and passes control to another program waiting to be executed. TRUE OR FALSE: Operating systems rarely provide a means to establish Internet connections. A(n) ________ viewer is a utility that allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file. The BIOS executes a series of tests, collectively called the ________, which check the various system components including the buses, system clock, adapter cards, RAM chips, mouse, keyboard, and drives. Word processing software includes a(n) ________, which reviews the spelling of individual words, sections of a document, or the entire document. A screen ________ causes a monitor’s screen to display a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specified period of time. _____ software helps companies record and report their financial transactions. TRUE OR FALSE: Because virtual memory is faster than RAM, users may notice the computer speeding up while it uses virtual memory, TRUE OR FALSE: Like other operating systems, Linux is a proprietary software. TRUE OR FALSE: A device-dependent programs runs on computers provided by a variety of manufacturers. The _____ is firmware that contains a computer's startup instructions. A(n) _____ system is set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. TRUE OR FALSE: Even if uses are working on multiple programs simultaneously, it is impossible to run out of RAM. A pop-up _____ is a filtering program that stops pop-up ads from displaying on Web pages. A file _____ utility is a utility that shrinks the size of a file(s). A(n) _____ is a small image displayed on the screen that represents a program, a document or some other object If a hard disk is damaged, a computer can be booted from a(n) _____ disk which is usually a CD that contains a few system files that will start the computer. In the event a backup files is used, a(n) _____ program reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form. TRUE OR FALSE: Microsoft has continually updated its Windows operating system, incorporating new features and functions with each subsequent version. A software _____ is a collection of individual programs sold as a single package. TRUE OR FALSE: Stand-alone utilities typically offer improvements over those features built into an operating system or provide features not included in an operating system. TRUE OR FALSE: Few operating systems include any utility programs. The set of instructions entered into a computer that uses the command-line interface is called the ______ language. With an operating system _____ can include fixes to bugs, enhancements to security, modifications to devices, drivers, and the like. A(n) _____ is a private combinations of characters associated with a username that allows access to certain computer resources. A(n) _____ is a utility that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files. TRUE OR FALSE: If the username and password entered match the username and password kept on file, a network operating system denies access to the user _____ software provides the capabilities of paint software and also includes the ability to enhance and modify existing image and pictures. ____ is mass produced, copyrighted retail software that needs the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or company A feature, called _____, allows users of word processing software to type words continually without pressing the enter key at the end of each line FALSE PREEMPTIVE FALSE IMAGE POST SPELLING CHECKER SAVER ACCOUNTING FALSE FALSE FALSE BIOS OPERATING FALSE BLOCKER COMPRESSION ICON RECOVERY RESTORE TRUE SUITE TRUE FALSE COMMAND AUTOMATIC UPDATES PASSWORD UNINSTALLER FALSE IMAGE EDITING PACKAGED SOFTWARE WORDWRAP NEWSGROUP / MESSAGE BOARD _____ is the electronic equivalent of a user manual. ONLINE HELP Simplified accounting program that helps home users and small office/home PERSONAL FINANCE office users to balance their checkbooks, pay bills, etc SOFTWARE _____________________ is an application that can guide individuals, families, or small TAX PREPARATION businesses through the process of filing federal taxes. SOFTWARE Which kind of software allows users to draw pictures, shapes, and other graphical images with various on-screen tools such as a pen, brush, and PAINT eyedropper? A(n) ________ is a specific named location on a storage medium that contains FOLDER related documents. A spyware ________ is a program that detects and deletes spyware and other REMOVER similar programs. The kernel is memory ________, which means it remains in memory while the RESIDENT computer is running. A(n) ________ viewer is a utility that allows users to display, copy, and print the IMAGE contents of a graphics file. Which of the following is an example of paint/image editing software for the ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR professional? A(n) ________ is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, DATABASE retrieval, and use of that data. THE SAME ON MULTIPLE A cross-platform program is one that runs __. OPERATING SYSTEMS The operating system that a computer uses sometimes is called the ____. PLATFORM In Windows Vista, the ____ consists of several files that contain the system REGISTRY configuration information. In Windows Vista, the ____ contains a list of programs that open automatically START UP FOLDER when users boot the computer. Windows Vista ____ offers the Aero interface (shown in the accompanying HOME PREMIUM figure) to basic users. A single user/single ____ operating system allows only one user to run one TASKING program at a time. A single user/____ operating system allows a single user to work on two or more MULTITASKING programs that reside in memory at the same time Smart phones and other small computing devices often use a ____ operating SINGLE USER/SINGLETASKING system. _________ operating system enables two or more users to run programs MULTIUSER simultaneously. _________ operating system supports two or more processors running programs MULTIPROCESSING at the same time. The area of the hard disk used for virtual memory is called a(n) ____ file because SWAP it exchanges data, information, and instructions between memory and storage. With virtual memory, which is illustrated in the accompanying figure, the technique of swapping items between memory and storage, called ____, is a time- PAGING consuming process for the computer. ____________ is a computer that continues to operate when one of its components FAULT-TOLERANT COMPUTER fails, ensuring that no data is lost. _____________ is a segment of memory or storage, such as the disk in the accompanying figure, in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred BUFFER from an input device or to an output device. A process called ____, which is illustrated in the accompanying figure, sends SPOOLING documents to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer. In the accompanying figure, multiple documents line up in a(n) ____ in the buffer. QUEUE ____ operating system is an operating system that organizes and coordinates SERVER how multiple users access and share resources on a network. The latest version of the Macintosh operating system, Mac ____, is a multitasking OS X operating system available only for computers manufactured by Apple. Windows ____ is Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable and efficient operating system VISTA to date, offering quicker application start up, built-in diagnostics, automatic A(n) ____ is an online area where users have written discussions. recovery, improved security, and enhanced searching and organizing capabilities. ____ is a multitasking operating system developed in the early 1970s by scientists at Bell Laboratories. Novell’s ____ is a server operating system designed for client/server networks. ________ is someone who tries to access a computer or network illegally Windows ____ is an operating system that includes functionality, applications, and a user interface designed for specific types of devices. The term, computer ____, describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works without the user’s knowledge or permission. A ____ is malware that copies itself repeatedly, for example in memory or over a network, using up system resources and possibly shutting the system down __________ is software that acts without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alters a computer’s operations. __________ is malware that hides within or looks like a legitimate program, such as a screen saver. An _______ program is a filtering program that attempts to remove spam before it reaches a user’s inbox. A program that removes or blocks certain items from being displayed. A file ____ utility is a utility that transforms the contents of a file or data from one format to another. TRUE OR FALSE: The boot process is very different for large and small computers. TRUE OR FALSE: A warm boot is the process of using the operating system to restart a computer. TRUE OR FALSE: Application software is said to be downward compatible, meaning it will run on a new version of an operating system. TRUE OR FALSE: Network administrators can set up a network to decrypt data as it travels over a network to prevent unauthorized users from reading the data. __________ is a collection of electronic drawings- photos- and other images that can be inserted into documents. TRUE OR FALSE: Some parts of the operating system are resident; that is, these instructions remain on the hard disk until they are needed. TRUE OR FALSE: When a computer is turned on, the charge of electricity causes the processor chip to reset itself and find the ROM chip(s) that contains the BIOS. TRUE OR FALSE: The nexus is the core of an operating system that manages memory and devices. TRUE OR FALSE: Command-line interfaces like the one in the accompanying figure give a user less control to manage detailed settings. TRUE OR FALSE: A disadvantage of Linux is that it is available only in a command-line version like the one in the accompanying figure TRUE OR FALSE: A disadvantage of preemptive multitasking is the operating system loses control if one program stops operating properly. TRUE OR FALSE: Some personal computer maintenance utilities continuously monitor a computer while it is used and repair problems before they occur. TRUE OR FALSE: A compressed file takes up more storage space than the original file. TRUE OR FALSE: When you receive a compressed file, you must zip it. TRUE OR FALSE: Some operating systems such as Windows Vista include uncompress capabilities. TRUE OR FALSE: One sign of a virus infection is that available memory is less than what should be available. TRUE OR FALSE: The programmer of a virus, known as a virus author, intentionally writes a virus program. TRUE OR FALSE: Ghosting is a severe problem with today’s displays. TRUE OR FALSE: When users press a key or move the mouse, a screen saver disappears and the screen returns to the previous state. UNIX NETWARE HACKER MOBILE VIRUS WORM MALWARE TROJAN HORSE ANTI-SPAM FILTER CONVERSION FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE CLIP ART FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE OR FALSE: Instead of backing up to a local disk storage device, some users opt to back up their files using online storage. TRUE OR FALSE: By compressing files, a backup utility program requires more storage space for the backup files than for the original files. TRUE OR FALSE: The iPhone and iPod devices are multi-touch, meaning that they recognize multiple points of contact. TRUE OR FALSE: Some devices with the Windows Mobile operating system support handwriting and voice input. TRUE OR FALSE: A server operating system typically resides on a client. TRUE OR FALSE: Most editions of Windows Server 2008 include Hyper-V, which is a virtualization technology. TRUE OR FALSE: In addition to being a stand-alone operating system, UNIX also is a network operating system. TRUE OR FALSE: Power users seldom work with UNIX because of its rigidity and vulnerability. TRUE OR FALSE: When programmers move application software from one UNIX version to another, they sometimes have to rewrite some of the programs. TRUE OR FALSE: Because virtual memory is faster than RAM, users may notice the computer speeding up while it uses virtual memory. TRUE OR FALSE: Windows Vista Ultimate includes all features of Windows Vista Home Premium and provides additional features designed to make mobile users’ computers more secure and easier to network. TRUE OR FALSE: In Windows Vista, the Windows SideShow feature connects to personalized mini-applications, called gadgets, such as weather, photos, or headline news. TRUE OR FALSE: In Windows Vista, the Windows Sidebar allows viewing of messages on a powered-off notebook computer equipped with a secondary display. A(n) ________ drive is the drive from which a personal computer starts. Reorganizing a disk so that the files are stored in contiguous sectors, thus speeding up disk access and the performance of the entire computer. Utility program that writes text, graphics, audio, and video files to a recordable or rewriteable CD, DVD, or Blu-ray Disc. Utility that reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer's hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster. Small program that tells an operating system how to communicate with a specific device. The operating system that resides on a ROM chip inside most PDAs and small devices. Utility that performs functions related to file management. Operating system function that saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing power from the computer. Utility program that allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files. Operating system program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices. Scam in which a perpetrator attempts to obtain your personal and/or financial information. Utility program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify. Operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network. Free downloadable software updates provided by the software manufacturer to users who have registered and/or activated their software. Operating system function that saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a lowpower state. Unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroups posting sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once. TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE BOOT DEFRAGMENTING DISK BURNING SOFTWARE DISK DEFRAGMENTER DRIVER EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEM FILE MANAGER HIBERNATE MEDIA PLAYER PERFORMANCE MONITOR PHISHING SEARCH SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM SERVICE PACK SLEEP MODE SPAM The __________ is a small symbol displayed on the screen that moves as a user moves the mouse. The ________ of the document window usually displays a document’s file name. POINTER TITLE BAR