Gait Analysis

gait analysis breakdown of walking motion gait is broken into two major components stance = 60 % swing 40 % = functionally, you are looking atthree tasks weight acceptance initial contract loading response single limb support midstance terminal stance limb advancement the entire swing phase breaking it down : stance phase initial contact the moment the foot contacts the ground : loading response weight is rapidlytransferred on to the outstretched limb,the first : period of double-limb support midstance the body progresses : over a single,stable limb terminal stance progression over the stance limb continues the body moves ahead : . of the limb and weight is transferred pre-swing conlateral limb , : a onto theforefoot rapib unloading of the limb occurs the second as weight is transferred to the period of double-limb support swing phase breaking it down initial swing the thigh begins to advance as the foot comes up off theHoor : : mid swing. the thigh continues to advance as the knee begins to extend the foot , clears the ground terminal swing : the knee extends ,the limb prepares to contact the ground gait analysis complexity things you are looking at: trunk lean Canterior, posterior, lateral to hips) arm swing even and smooth or punching across the body,hand position , difference in cycles) pelvic shift (ant posterior , lateral tilt , reduced extension at hip and Knee hip flexion (is it absent) reduced plantar flexion internal/external rotation ofthe hip toes initial contact lets Focus here is how the foot contacts the in ground walking gait, you expect the impact to be on the hell you look foForefoot or Matfoot contact (major deviation in walking pattern is the ankle and foot aligned ? properly look at the position of the ankle is there excessive dorsiflexion,plantarflexion,inversion or eversion loading response how does the foot transfer tothe can the client ? ground Se g ., foot slap) . control this motion? lack of control indicates dorsiflexor weakness or other abnormality in the dorsiflexors look at the trunk. it should be loaded over the Foot I backward lean suggests weak hip flexors or other dysfunction like polio) midstance lets Focus on the pelvis for this portion obliquity (lateral shift are you seeing here you are in single support. you haveto control that position with your abductors on how much the stance side more that about 10 degrees of shift indicate dysfunction terminal stance as the The person pushes off, is this occurring through the action of the ankle key is toe off are you seeing that? does the motion extend through the action of the big toe or do you see altered mechanics here Forward trunk lean suggests hip flexor contracture hip flexure contracture also shows up here or hip pain as excessive spine movement (back arches pre-swing notice the knee bend as they begin to pick up the the swing leg swing motion should be smooth transition for all three planes of motion trunk ., using the body lean to help leaning back suggest hip Nexor contracture Se g . get the swing leg in the air initial swing does the foot clear the ground ? does the knee bend? hip flexors trunk are initiated here How if the back . responding? ., using the body lear to help leaving back suggest hip Nexou contracture Se g . get the swing leg in the air mid swing it is easier to see look at the obliquity on the swing side of the pelvis pelvis and for so do . you see a drop or hike at the pelvis? you should see the swing side rise If the swing side drops that is . suggesting weakness of abductors on the stance side is the trunk leaning away from the swing leg? see if they swing the leg out to the sidee. this someplace in the leg suggests hip flexor weakness or pain terminal swing look for transition of foot posture as they enterance phase you should see dorsiflexion here your analysis explained a shortened stance phase on one side often suggests a limp gait asymmetries lead to pain motions in the sagittal the pelvis is place relatively stable in the sagittal plane the pelvis should move about 3 as the hip degrees in anterior and posterior tilt extends ,the pelvis will move into anteriortilt as the hip nexes the pelvis moves into the movement should be posteriortilt relatively equal on each side motions in the frontal plane as you walk, you have to shift your weight from side to side your center of mass the pelvis moves has to be transferred over your base foot about 5-8 degrees on each side , and adduction multiple terms are used for motion in the frontal plane. lateral tilt, obliquity and abductions are common descriptions of this motion the difference between a normal or gait and a problematic gait is if there is too much not enough motion in the frontal plane motions in the transverse plane motion or the pelvis in the transverse plane is called protraction and retraction is pulling backwards , and protraction is pulling forwards during protraction the anterior pelvis moves forward , when one side of the the pelvis protracts the other retracts pelvis rotates Forward , or degrees on stance side (8 degrees totall protracts 4 degrees on swing side and retracts 4