Lesson 4 - Understanding Nutrients 2 Vitamins

Lesson 4: Understanding Nutrients 2: Vitamins Student Learning Objectives Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 The Student will understand the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins. The Student Will be able to explain the source of vital vitamins. Be able to identify the importance and roll of nutrients Time Instruction time for this lesson: 50 minutes. Resources • Animal Science Digest, Ensminger Tools, Equipment, and Supplies • Transparencies • Student Note Outline • Student Copy of Quiz & Exam Key Terms The following terms are presented in this lesson and appear in bold italics: Vitamins Fat Soluble Water Soluble Interest Approach Show slide 2 of the power point. Tell them that this animal has received all of its required protein, fats, water and carbohydrates but is lacking two essential components. What would you guess this animal is missing in its diet? Lead their discussion into the role and importance of Vitamins & Minerals. Summary of Content and Teaching Strategies Your students might grasp the concepts better by adapting the note taking method called the TM method from Quantum Teaching. Have each student fold several pages of college rule paper vertical. Each page will have on fold dividing the page so that ¾ of the page is to the left of the fold and ¼ is to the right. The right hand side is notes as usual, what you put on the board or overhead goes on this side. The left hand side is for the student. They can write questions or comments in this section. Additionally, each time the notes change to a new topic have them switch the color of pen they are using. This makes it simple for them to quickly find information during reviews. Finally, take the last two to three minutes of the lecture portion to have students use their highlighters to bold the most important information. Objective 1 The Student will understand the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins Refer to PowerPoint and use Little Professor Moment to teach content. Switch students with each slide. I. Vitamins: Organic substances necessary in small amounts A. Required for normal growth and maintenance of life B. Function as catalysts in metabolic processes C. 16 essential vitamins II. Two Types of Vitamins: A. Fat Soluble a. Can be stored in the body, reducing daily intake amounts. b. Examples: Vitamins A, D, E, K B. Water Soluble a. Not stored in the body, must supplement on regular basis b. Vitamin C, B complex vitamins Objective 2 The Student will be able to explain the source of vital vitamins III. How Do Animals Obtain the Needed Vitamins? B Complex Vitamins: Ruminants synthesize in rumen. Supplemental vitamins must be provided for swine and poultry. Vitamin A Vitamin D Fresh Green Forages, Yellow Corn Sun Cured Forages, Irradiated Yeast Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin C Objective 3 Whole Grains, Green Forages, Good Quality Hay Green Leafy Feeds, Fish Meal Supplemented in Feed Rations Be able to identify the importance and roll of nutrients Break the class into groups of two and assign each group one vitamin from the list below. On the Vitamin Function and Deficiency Assignment Sheet (Refer to Assignment #1: Vitamin Function and Deficiency) have them using a Go Get It Moment record all necessary information on their particular vitamin. Then after a 5-10 minute research time have them present their findings to the class. In return the class will copy the information the other groups found onto their assignment sheet. A good reference to use would be Animal Science Digest, Ensminger. Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin B12 Vitamin C Vitamin K Thiamin Vitamin B1 Riboflavin (B2) Vitamin B6 Review/Summary Have students review their notes and use the last couple of minutes to highlight the most important information. Application Extended classroom activity: Have students locate a picture of an animal with a certain type of deficiency that will match vitamins that where discussed during lesson. Evaluation. Quiz Attached Answers to Assessment: 1. Define Vitamins. Organic compounds, needed in small amounts, that are essential for good health; required for normal growth and maintenance of life; Function as catalysts in metabolic processes; Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen 2. Define and list the essential fat soluble vitamins. Can be stored in the body, reducing the need for daily supplements; A, D, E, K __ 3. Define and list the essential water soluble vitamins. Not usually stored in the body, must supplement on regular basis; C, B complex vitamins 4. List the sources of vitamins. B complex vitamins--Ruminants synthesize in rumen, feed supplement for swine and poultry b. Vitamin A--Fresh green forages, yellow corn c. Vitamin D--Sun-cured forages, irradiated yeast d. Vitamin E--Whole grains, green forages, good quality hay e. Vitamin K--Green leafy feeds, fish meal Importance of Vitamins Quiz: Name_________________________________________ 1. Date_______________ Define Vitamins. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Define and list the essential fat soluble vitamins. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Define and list the essential water soluble vitamins. __________________________________________________________________ 4. List the sources of vitamins. a. B complex vitamins ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ b Vitamin A ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ c Vitamin D ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ d Vitamin E ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Student Note Outline The Importance of Vitamins Vitamins: Organic substances necessary in _________________________. -Required for _______________growth and ______________ of life. -Function as catalysts in _______________________. -___________ essential vitamins Two Types of Vitamins: 1. ______________________: a. Can be stored in the body, reducing daily intake amounts. b. Examples: Vitamins _________________________ 2. ____________________Soluble: a. Not stored in the_____________ __________, must supplement on regular basis b. Examples: Vitamins __________, ______complex vitamins How Do Animals Obtain the Needed Vitamins? B Complex Vitamins: Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin C Assignment #1: Vitamin Function and Deficiency Worksheet Name: Vitamins Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin B1 Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Vitamin C Thiamin Animals Affected Functions Deficiency Symptoms Sources for Animals Assignment #1: Vitamin Function and Deficiency –KEY Vitamins Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Animals Affected Functions All Farm Animals, including Poultry Aids in utilizing Calcium & Phosphorus -Bone Development -Teeth Calves, Sheep, Horses, Poultry, Rats -Antioxidant -Essential in utilizing red blood cells -Essential in Respiration -Essential for Blood Clotting All species, but ruminants have advantages Deficiency Symptoms Sources for Animals -Rickets in Young -Tetany, Muscle Twitching -Chicks: Reduced Growth Hens: Poor Egg Shells -Muscular Dystrophy -Reproductive Failure -Steatitis -Sunlight -Sun Cured Hays -Irradiated Yeast -Prolonged Blood Clotting time -Death in Severe Cases -Green Pastures -Well Cured Hays -Fish Meal - -Rice -Wheat Germ Meal -Alfalfa -Green Grass -Refer to Thiamin(B1) Vitamin B1 Essential for the Rat, Dog, Pig and Chick -Coenzyme in protein and nitrogen metabolism -Red Blood Cell Formation - -Convulsions -Chicks: Abnormal Feathering Pigs: Slow Growth Hens: Lowered Egg Laying Ability Safflower Meal Fish Solubles Pasture(Green) Meat Meal and Tankage Alfalfa Hay Swine, Rats, Poultry, Humans Forming Co-Enzymes Synthetic B-12 Protein Supplements Fermentation Products Humans, guinea pigs, monkeys -Collagen Formation -Metabolism -Metabolism of Fats -Antioxidant -Slow or Retarded Growth -Pigs: Uncoordinated hind leg movements/Reproductive failures Scurvy Swollen Bleeding Gums Weak Bones Loss of Teeth All animals except ruminants -Coenzyme in energy metabolism -Peripheral Nerves -Maintains Normal Appetite -Tone of Muscles -Normal Mental Health Promotes Growth and functions in the body. -Reduction in Appetite -Cardiovascular disturbances -Lower Body Temperature - -Rice Polishings -Wheat Germ Meal -Yeast -Wheat & Wheat Products -Cottonseed Meal -Retarded Growth -Pigs Reproductive Failure -Diarrhea Synthetic Riboflavin Yeast Skim Milk Alfalfa Hay Poultry by Products Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Vitamin C Thiamin(B1) All Animals Riboflavin(B2) -Answers may vary depending on text used for research. Vitamin C Rose Hips Citrus Products Well Cured Hay Green Pasture Transparency #1 Vitamins Vitamins: Organic substances necessary in small amounts. -Required for normal growth and maintenance of life. -Function as catalysts in metabolic processes -16 essential vitamins Two Types of Vitamins: 3. Fat Soluble: a. Can be stored in the body, reducing daily intake amounts. b.Examples: Vitamins A, D, E, K 4. Water Soluble: a. Not stored in the body, must supplement on regular basis b.Examples: Vitamins C, B complex vitamins Transparency #2 How Do Animals Obtain the Needed Vitamins? B Complex Vitamins: -Ruminants synthesize in Rumen. Supplements to Swine & Poultry Vitamin A Fresh Green Forages, Yellow Corn Vitamin D Sun Cured Forages Irradiated Yeast Vitamin E Whole Grains, Green Forages, Good Quality Hay Vitamin K Green Leafy Feeds, Fish Meal Vitamin C Supplemented in Feed Rations