University:
Santa Fe College
Course:
ETS 2527C | Electromechanical Components and Mechanisms
Academic year:

2024
Views:

149

Pages:

5
Author:

Jabin F.

Unpolarized Wave (UP): Traveling out of the page E-field has infinitely many directions at a given time or point of space Combination of a large number of plane polarized waves (P.P.) They are at the same time Bottom Section Optic Axis: It is the direction along which the E-wave travels. The O-wave travels along the optic axis. The E-wave travels perpendicular to the optic axis. Shows a double refraction phenomenon. Calcite: A crystal with an optic axis n₀ ≠ nₑ V₀ = c / n₀ (speed of ordinary wave) Ve = c / ne (speed of extraordinary wave) E-wave travels with a variable speed depending on its direction. Top Section The vibration of the E-wave is parallel to the optic axis. The vibration of the O-wave is perpendicular to the optic axis. The E-wave travels with a variable speed. If nₑ ≠ n₀, there will be a phase difference between the two waves. Bottom Section If one of the waves is stopped in the crystal, the transmitted wave is completely plane polarized. We can stop one wave by using Canada balsam, then that wave shows total internal reflection. A Nicol prism is made from doubly refracting crystal and is used to produce plane polarized light. Nicol prism is a polarizer. Intensity: Unpolarized wave (UP) → Polarized wave (P.P.) Direction parallel to the pass axis Bottom Section Diagram: A polarizer with an arrow indicating the pass axis An unpolarized wave (U.P.) incident on the polarizer A polarized wave (P.P.) transmitted through the polarizer Equation: I = I₀ * cos²(θ) (Malus' Law) Explanation: θ = angle between the pass axis of the polarizer and the incident electric field When θ = 0°, I = I₀ (maximum intensity) When θ = 90°, I = 0 (minimum intensity)