A&P II Class Heart

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How Heart Wall does 99 %· . · electrical help the system the contractile cells mu m Actin&Myosin & Ep, Contractile cells · · · pathway blood Epicardium : Serors Membrane Myocardium Muscular wall Endocardium Inner surface (heart : : 30 # u vessels Cardiac Muscle Tissue · Striated = Actin & Myosin (Shorten) HeartBeat Propagate Con ducting Quickly Linked by Ap cells NOT to contract D - 1 . Pacemaker 2 . Internodes Pathway (AP cells start Ap spreads) . AV Node AP pause 3 4 AV . S. Skeletal Bundle send Bunde AR through LAVORA Purkinjis Fibers contract Remember somatic AP · & looms Bundle Fibers (R Need NS to Muscle · T Onlywaygated to Pulmonary systemic 2 process . 2 . get Nois 3 . ihreshold TMP 12 80-100/min 1 14 -NDifusing ↓[Nar] Time Heart gap junctions) ~ Leaky 4 . S Natch . In · The heart is contractile through contract goes Has unstable resting Potential made and the , of two main Type of Muscles; conducting cells . The internodes to make sending down up the left (Depolarizes over blood Right and Left SA the in nodes send an Right & Left AP Atrium the values . Then the AP Bundle Brunches and up the 04/08 Heart · AV Node (40-60/min) Sympathetic & Parasympathetic See · Sympathetic Release · - - Bind B-1 - Permeability · Binds to Always NS permeability Resting (HR4) to kt channels (HRH) Slower to threshold to bring heart rate resting down questing 70-75 BPM state state depolarize Sympathetic by Parasympathetic) The sides of contracting blood out The heart and heart called the purking is , cells in both the Right the arteries then doesn't Internodes rely rely on channels Chlorinergic receptor & G- Protein have Autonomic state Need Ca Nat & e Rest Muscorinic Increase depolarize to to threshold faster Parasympathetic · · Norepinephrine Adrenergic Receptor & G- Protein Increase depolarize Fibers & Rest on in the NS , it threshold Rest react left and go the to to with values veins to relies on more pumping the . the heart the AU sympathetic and parasympathetic Fibers . 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Nat diffuses into 2 making relation and cells using called the P-wave b/c Right the AP has , gap Junctions paused Atrium finish and Questions at pumping S CF F G & Bicuspir -m ↓ 04/15 R &L A &V VOCAB/Terms Right & Left Atriclum) & Ventricle (ventricle EDU End Diastole ESU End systole Su Stroke Volume Blood ejected from EF Ejection Fraction Volume volume done (done contracting filling) Heart IV oulis Describe how pressure Action the difference and Review · values shut to the close blood make sure doesn't Cardiac Cycle Terms · · Systole Contracting : Diastole : Relax - · AU & pressure ? go backwards down - open/close values to ↑P uP , relate heart Pressure difference (4P-XP) wl more only In opening and = Heartbeat values depolarization SA nodes Blood otential Pressure blu differences Atria & Ventricles · open/close semilular values pressure blu differences ventricles & Arterial Trunk Rewrite Diagram steps is beats/min 0 All Chambers in diastole (90 ? ) Blood there Key Blood A-V P Pressure . AS(4P)& VD(P) Pa>Pu 1 . , AD(HP)& VS(4P) NO V = Ventricle . 2 A Atrium Isovolumetric contraction : Sp - - ↓ 4 Think about - = = Systole = = volume = B muscles Pa- AV Close (sovolumetric Phase Decrease E . As soon as Pr> Partial trunk Semilunars value open Increase Blood Ejected (Ejection Phase . AD & VD(PL) 3 Pr(Pa AV open a When Diastole T eginning VS , = . Pr PA Begining of US & AD S2 Semilunars close "Dubb" clap · - = Pr into : Opening narrow value Calcification Blood Leaky on "Swooshing" V Louder . "Lubb" after on due to RK = time Leaky circuit , , hard Blood after "Dubb" scar tissue a = RL systemic/pulmonary = Blood on RL less ATP , Plaque going in value AV Valve = S2 Lubb Swoosh Before closing value (A- v Semilunar = Sz Dubb : Swoosh Before dubb(V-Aterial Trun) Problem : EDU blc SV EDV-ESV sending less blood/ATP : · Terms : having is . · "Swooshing - Problem SV · blood leaks backwards - leaking Arterial value , Louder on RKL Semilunar value : v> Leaky Stenosed tightly not , = , EDV = End-diastolic volume · · ESV · SV · = = End = systolic Stroke volume volume (EDU-ESU) Ejection Fractions %. ejected from the heart CO Cardiac Output ml ejected from heart /min (SUXHR* = · = . · Ns Affects · Exercise SA nodal ↑ CO cell bkc leak Natch . ~ 15 is 16 11 in · The along heart with occurs , meaning is a Nat Depolarize sounds like swooshing depending leaky to theshold byself lubb(s) AV values = , drbb (S2) sounds Depending if it's a narrow value . value . when the or = semilunar values swooshings swooshing after 04/15 Heart V Parasympathetic (HRN) · Ach receptors > - G-Protein opening Hyperpolize (Depolarize slower) Sympathetic (HR4) · Norepinephrine B1-rec opening Autonomic Cardia C Reflex tone = Balance blw HR Co & SV4 , Heart · kt Ch theshold to Nat . (going out to slow HR Channels - G-proteins Parasympathetic & Sympathetic , be Effector Cardiac centers (Medulla oblingatal , = control centers Types NBP 1 . 2 . Receptor Send .1 3 4. info detect from A Stimulous Receptor to (ex Depolarize to output . Baroreceptor control Sympathetic or Parasympathetic out by effector (SA node Carried a) in of center heart (cardiac center! Heart VI 04/19 Cardiac Reflex 1) Review PW Receptors 2) Info detect A sent ↑ Cardiac Center t for to parasympathetic sympathetic 3) Instructions CO by effectors Faster Faster depol Blood . Flow Atrial RFLX Adivst HR = · Bainbridge threshold to b/c increase Indirect = Away from 8 + 02 ↑ > HR ↑ in ↑ CO > venous BP Blood PH ↑ (02 - + t = +out return Direct =& Heart , Indirect · · Blood coming Atria Stretch blood out faster = More in more = Stimulus to ↓ Sympathetic for CO by effectors Instructions ↑ Faster Faster depol Blood . threshold to Flow ↑ > O2 receptors parasympathetic ↑ HR > ↓ ↑ CO > ↑ (O2 - + BP Blood PH Direct Affects SA nodal · Stretching =↑ Nat in Hormones · · · SYM = = NE & volume Depol Faster rec . = cell Stretching THR =* C0 (sent more B-1 Adrenagic G-protein Muscular cholinergic = = medull · SA nodal = Para-Ach rec Adrenal Gland cortex Stroke of cells Epi. NE = = = Channels out) = Permibility open at&Ca G-Protein-Permibility K Hormone = 4 HR SV = EDV- ESV Volume Systolic blood in V when done filling-Blood done in Heart VI onlia EDU 4 EDV -↑SV · ↑ VR · > ↑ Ventricular ↓ HR- TEDV SV Diastole (Filling time) > ↑EDV-PSV - Preload > ↑ ventricle Stretch-PED VISV ESV · TESV-ISU ↑ - ↑Preload > ↑ Ventricle > PEDV- ↑ SV-4CO Stretching · ↑ Cat entry > ↑ Contract greater force > ↓ESV > ↑ SV+ ↑(0 · >* HR->↑ ESV ->USV ↑ AP SYMP· ↑AP Para > tHR- NESV -↑ SV · - - - - - - ·↑ Hormones ↑ BP > - ↑ contraction Cardiac Output · CO · · = > - Contract More Hypertension Time > -> N HR1180bpm > - ↓ Co HR * > ↓Phase time > - - Time VD > - ↓ Filling Time > ↓ EDV > ↓ SV - ↓CO - - ↑ Parterial Ejection HR XSV (O Plateau > - > - ↓ESV-> ↑SV Trunk Phase 3 = ↑After load - ↑ Iso volumetric SV-PESU Time↓ - Last words on CO ● ● ● ● ● CO cannot increase indefinitely Available filling time shortens as HR increases Will first plateau then decline HR 160 – 180bpm: increased rate of venous return and increased contractility compensate for reduction in filling time HR continues increasing: SV begins to drop Summary of Factors Affecting CO