University:
Stanford University
Course:
MED 101 | Human Anatomy
Academic year:

2023
Views:

240

Pages:

2
Author:

larbi43100

‭THE POSITIVE DIAGNOSIS OF A MANIAC EPISODE‬ ‭Exaltation of mood‬ ‭✪Expansive hyperthymia‬ ‭There‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭feeling‬ ‭of‬ ‭euphoria‬ ‭of‬ ‭exaggerated‬ ‭cheerfulness,‬ ‭extraordinary‬ ‭well-being‬ ‭and‬ ‭intense‬ ‭enthusiasm.‬‭But‬‭this‬‭emotional‬‭tone‬‭is‬‭unstable,‬‭fluctuating‬‭and‬‭labile:‬‭the‬‭patient‬‭goes‬‭from‬‭bursts‬‭of‬ ‭laughter and joy to tears and euphoria can quickly give way to irritability, anger, rage, even fury.‬ ‭✪An overly positive view of oneself‬ ‭The‬‭patient‬‭expresses‬‭ideas‬‭of‬‭grandeur‬‭and‬‭attributes‬‭to‬‭himself‬‭all‬‭the‬‭qualities‬‭(intelligence,‬‭charm,‬ ‭beauty,‬‭seduction),‬‭all‬‭the‬‭gifts‬‭(eloquence,‬‭creativity‬‭etc.),‬‭even‬‭diplomas‬‭and‬‭functions‬‭that‬‭he‬‭does‬ ‭not possess (doctorate, patent of invention, special missions etc.).‬ ‭✪An overly positive vision of the future‬ ‭The‬‭maniac‬‭is‬‭overcome‬‭by‬‭excessive‬‭optimism;‬‭he‬‭has‬‭lots‬‭of‬‭grandiose‬‭plans,‬‭is‬‭ready‬‭to‬‭undertake‬ ‭everything and succeed in everything, in a bright future.‬ ‭✪An overly positive view of the world‬ ‭At‬‭the‬‭beginning‬‭of‬‭the‬‭access,‬‭the‬‭world‬‭seems‬‭full‬‭of‬‭opportunities,‬‭riches,‬‭beauty‬‭and‬‭inexhaustible‬ ‭pleasures;‬‭the‬‭subject‬‭is‬‭thirsty‬‭for‬‭meetings‬‭and‬‭increases‬‭social‬‭contacts.‬‭He‬‭is‬‭easy‬‭to‬‭communicate‬ ‭with,‬ ‭he‬ ‭is‬ ‭familiar‬ ‭with‬ ‭everyone‬ ‭and‬ ‭generous‬ ‭with‬ ‭himself‬ ‭and‬ ‭with‬ ‭his‬ ‭money,‬ ‭which‬ ‭he‬‭often‬ ‭spends‬ ‭recklessly.‬ ‭But,‬ ‭over‬ ‭time,‬ ‭the‬ ‭environment‬ ‭becomes‬ ‭hostile‬ ‭and‬ ‭euphoria‬ ‭turns‬ ‭into‬ ‭aggression.‬ ‭Psychic excitement‬ ‭It‬ ‭is‬ ‭expressed‬ ‭by‬ ‭an‬ ‭acceleration‬ ‭of‬ ‭mental‬‭functioning‬‭(tachypsychia)‬‭which‬‭results‬‭in‬‭a‬‭racing‬‭of‬ ‭thought,‬‭a‬‭continuous,‬‭logorrheic‬‭language‬‭(sometimes‬‭inexhaustible);‬‭the‬‭thought‬‭and‬‭speech‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭maniac‬‭give‬‭the‬‭impression‬‭of‬‭incoherence,‬‭in‬‭fact,‬‭a‬‭common‬‭thread‬‭exists.‬‭The‬‭association‬‭of‬‭ideas‬ ‭is‬‭superficial‬‭and‬‭fragile.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭established‬‭by‬‭assonance,‬‭rhymes‬‭and‬‭slogans.‬‭What‬‭characterizes‬‭the‬ ‭maniac‬‭is‬‭the‬‭flight‬‭of‬‭ideas,‬‭it‬‭is‬‭a‬‭real‬‭“volatility”‬‭of‬‭ideas.‬‭The‬‭content‬‭of‬‭the‬‭speech‬‭can‬‭be‬‭rich‬‭in‬ ‭puns, jokes and quotes and therefore takes on a playful dimension.‬ ‭Voluntary‬‭attention‬‭is‬‭almost‬‭impossible,‬‭the‬‭maniac‬‭is‬‭in‬‭perpetual‬‭distraction‬‭due‬‭to‬‭the‬‭dispersion‬ ‭of spontaneous attention. He is incapable of making a choice and reacts to all external requests.‬ ‭Perceptions‬ ‭and‬ ‭orientation‬ ‭remain‬ ‭relatively‬ ‭well‬ ‭preserved,‬ ‭but‬ ‭without‬ ‭a‬ ‭search‬ ‭for‬ ‭appropriate‬ ‭behavior.‬ ‭Hypermnesia‬‭contributes‬‭to‬‭general‬‭psychic‬‭excitement,‬‭especially‬‭in‬‭its‬‭modalities‬‭of‬‭evocation‬‭and‬ ‭automatic‬‭reproduction.‬‭Memories‬‭are‬‭recalled‬‭during‬‭the‬‭crisis‬‭in‬‭great‬‭detail:‬‭texts‬‭learned‬‭by‬‭heart,‬ ‭for example, are recited extensively.‬