Are We Really What We Eat Part 1

Chapter 3 The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat? Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels? A) testosterone and estrogen B) leptin and ghrelin C) glucagon and insulin D) epinephrine and CCK Answer: C 2) Appetite is triggered by A) a physiological drive. B) environmental cues, such as the smell or taste of food. C) pancreatic enzymes. D) stomach enzymes. Answer: B 3) Which physiological stimulus will trigger the sensation of hunger? A) low glucose levels B) high glucose levels C) release of the hormone leptin D) eating a meal with a high satiety value Answer: A 4) Hunger is best described as A) a physiological desire to consume food. B) a psychological desire to consume food. C) eating that is often driven by environmental cues. D) eating that is often driven by emotional cues. Answer: A 5) Assuming the Calories and relative sizes are similar, which of the following snacks will have the highest satiety value? A) two saltine crackers spread with jam B) two saltine crackers spread with butter C) a glass of orange juice D) a hard-boiled egg Answer: D 6) Which type of cells form the lining of the small intestine? A) parietal cells B) enterocytes C) chief cells D) melanocytes Answer: B 7) The smallest units of matter that normally CANNOT be broken down are A) atoms. B) molecules. C) cells. D) phospholipids. Answer: A 8) The human body is organized into the following structural levels (smallest to largest) A) molecules, atoms, organs, systems, tissues, cells. B) atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems. C) organs, tissues, molecules, systems, atoms, organ. D) atoms, cells, systems, tissues, molecules, organs. Answer: B 9) Our genetic information, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), is located in the A) endoplasmic reticulum (ER). B) mitochondria. C) nucleus. D) cytoplasm. Answer: C 10) Cell membranes are primarily composed of two layers of A) sugars. B) phospholipids. C) tissues. D) sterols. Answer: B 11) The "powerhouse" of the cell that produces most of the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is/are the A) mitochondria. B) ribosomes. C) nucleus. D) cytoplasm. Answer: A 12) The term used to describe the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules is A) digestion. B) absorption. C) elimination. D) segmentation. Answer: A 13) What is the cephalic phase? A) earliest phase of digestion in which the brain prepares the body in anticipation of food B) phase in which the semi-digested food leaves the stomach and slowly enters the small intestine C) phase in which the majority of absorption occurs, primarily occurring in the small intestine D) final phase of digestion in which the large intestine and rectum prepare the undigested components of food for elimination Answer: A 14) When the stomach is full, it can expand to hold approximately A) 2 cups of food or water. B) 4 cups of food or water. C) 1/2 gallon of food or water. D) 1 gallon of food or water. Answer: D 15) The primary function of mucus in the stomach is to A) neutralize stomach acid. B) activate pepsinogen to pepsin. C) protect the stomach cells from gastric juice. D) emulsify fats. Answer: C 16) The chemical environment of the stomach is A) very acidic. B) nearly neutral. C) slightly basic. D) strongly alkaline. Answer: A 17) Where in your body does the majority of the digestion and absorption of food occur? A) mouth B) stomach C) small intestine D) large intestine Answer: C 18) Bob eats his breakfast, and his GI tract will now begin the process of digesting and absorbing the nutrients from this meal. What is the order in which each of the organs of the GI tract will work to achieve this process? A) mouth, esophagus, small intestine, stomach, large intestine B) mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine C) mouth, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine D) mouth, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine Answer: B 19) Salivary amylase begins the digestion of which nutrient in the mouth? A) protein B) fat C) carbohydrate D) vitamin B12 Answer: C 20) What chemical in gastric juice kills bacteria you may have consumed? A) pepsinogen B) gastric lipase C) mucus D) hydrochloric acid (HCl) Answer: D 21) What is chyme? A) an ulceration of the esophageal lining B) a mass of food that has been chewed and moistened in the mouth C) a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices D) a substance that allows for the emulsification of dietary lipids Answer: C 22) Which of the following does NOT occur in the stomach? A) pancreatic enzymes digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins B) bacteria in food is destroyed C) protein is denatured D) pepsinogen is converted to pepsin Answer: A 23) In the digestive system, bicarbonate A) activates enzymes that begin lipid digestion. B) neutralizes acids. C) regulates digestive activity and increases peristalsis. D) emulsifies fats. Answer: B 24) The brush border is located in the A) esophagus. B) stomach. C) small intestine. D) large intestine. Answer: C 25) What is the name of the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine? A) pyloric B) lower esophageal C) ileocecal D) gastroesophageal Answer: A 26) Bile is released into which body organ in response to the consumption of fat? A) esophagus B) stomach C) small intestine D) large intestine Answer: C 27) Bile is made in the A) stomach. B) gallbladder. C) pancreas. D) liver. Answer: D 28) Responding to the presence of protein and fat in our meal, cholecystokinin (CCK) signals the gallbladder to release a substance called A) lipase. B) pepsin. C) chyme. D) bile. Answer: D 29) Which organ is responsible for manufacturing and secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate? A) liver B) stomach C) pancreas D) gallbladder Answer: C 30) Which of the following enables the cell membrane to remain flexible? A) cholesterol B) protein C) carbohydrate D) alcohol Answer: A 31) In the small intestine, fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed by A) bile. B) capillaries. C) lacteals. D) chief cells. Answer: C 32) Water-soluble nutrients stored in blood are routed directly from the small intestine through the portal vein to the A) heart. B) lungs. C) pancreas. D) liver. Answer: D 33) After you eat a meal of a cheeseburger with French fries and a chocolate milk shake, the fat in the meal A) travels directly to the liver for packaging. B) is digested by lingual, gastric, and pancreatic lipases. C) is digested by salivary and pancreatic amylases. D) is digested by pepsin and pancreatic proteases. Answer: B 34) The enzyme pancreatic amylase continues the digestion of A) carbohydrate. B) protein. C) fat. D) vitamins. Answer: A 35) Which of the body's systems directs and coordinates the interrelated activities of the gastrointestinal tract? A) the skeletal system B) the lymphatic system C) the cardiovascular system D) the neuromuscular system Answer: D 36) The nerves in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as the A) peptic nervous system. B) hepatic nervous system. C) enteric nervous system. D) gastric nervous system. Answer: C 37) Which of the following is recommended to prevent symptoms of GERD? A) waiting at least 30 minutes after eating before lying down B) eating 2 large meals a day C) sleeping on a flat mattress without pillows D) taking an antacid before eating a meal Answer: D 38) Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment approach for someone suffering from GERD? A) surgical removal of the gallbladder B) surgical removal of the lower esophagus C) antibiotic therapy D) losing weight and quitting smoking Answer: D 39) The first part of the small intestine is the A) gallbladder. B) pancreas. C) ileocecal valve. D) duodenum. Answer: D 40) What is the region of the brain where physiological signals are translated into the message to seek food due to hunger? A) gallbladder B) pancreas C) hypothalamus D) liver Answer: C 41) The chemical messengers that are secreted by glands, enter the bloodstream, and travel to distant target sites to regulate their functions are known as A) hormones. B) enzymes. C) bases. D) organelles. Answer: A 42) Mechanical digestion begins in the A) mouth. B) pharynx. C) stomach. D) small intestine. Answer: A 43) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the A) mouth. B) stomach. C) small intestine. D) large intestine. Answer: A 44) The tiny flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the trachea is called the A) pyloric valve. B) esophagus. C) epiglottis. D) upper esophageal sphincter. Answer: C 45) The wavelike contractions that move food along the length of the GI tract are called A) spasms. B) peristalsis. C) sphincter movements. D) segmentation. Answer: B 46) The structure of the brush border aids digestion by A) increasing the small intestine's absorptive capacity. B) increasing the large intestine's absorptive capacity. C) releasing bile quickly into the duodenum. D) mechanically breaking down food. Answer: A 47) The small intestine is described as "small" because A) it is the shortest part of the GI tract. B) it consists of only one section. C) not much digestion or absorption occurs there. D) it is only an inch in diameter. Answer: D