University:
Texas Lutheran University
Course:
NURS 432 | Complex Nursing Concepts & Practice II
Academic year:

2023
Views:

230

Pages:

21
Author:

SapphireSol

(Ane mia) * Hematalogy → Is the science al bload and bluad Perming tisine. * Hemataloietic system ined the bone marrow. * → the Reticuloendothelial system. > 55 do Plasma → Blood L → 45% blood cells Red bleed cells white blood cells "erythrocytes" "leukocytes Platelets "throm bo Cy tes" @ Terme 1> 2. Hemato Poietic cells = bload cells. 2. Hemato Poiesis = Procedure al Primation blood cells → the Primary site of hemato Peiesis is the bone marrow. → The bone marraw con Produces about Soo billion blood cells Per day , and when the body need more blod ce as → 1 + WBCs (to fight the invading Pathogen) "lection * RBCS ( Bleeding) → Hemostasis " balance betreen clotting mechanism ane fibrinalytic mechanism. # Bone Massow: * The Psimary site of hematopoesis * is a semiesolid tissue * It aMPosed al hemataloietic cels. • Mation adiPose tissue. → suPPortive stramal cells. * locuted in 1→ @Ribs @ vertebrae estexnum a bones of Pelvis * Constitutes 4% of total bady masse # Red Blood Cells (RBC,): → "erythrocytes" * is a biconcave dist * sch+ ball * 40 - 45% of volume al bload * Formed in bore Matrow + lifesPan • 100 - 120 days" * Carry o 2 and evect dioxide through the we of. hemoglot - Hemo slabin - iorn. Containing Protein 19ve RBe, their color → Pacilitates tensPortation al o fan long to tissues - * * - Few RBCs → "AneMia" - many RBCs → "Pelycythemia" - Immature RBO, 'Reticulocytes" - nucleated RBCs → Erythroblast" # ErythroPoiesis (Pocess af RBCs Produetion). → The kiches detects lovi level al 0z L stimulates Ersthroßoietio (homose stimulates the Marrow to incrense Production of RBCi) tie Process tukes 5 dayss. → For namel RBC Produation, the bone marrow refuires .. 1. Tran 2K vitamin B12 3, Palic alid la Pyridoxine Critenin 80) 5 → Paatein + arter faetors. → any delicieney Can result in deereuse RBC and Arenia . → The maturation in the bone Marron, accumulates hemoglobin ane grochaly loses its nuclesus. → loss the dark-staining and slisht shrinkase, and stor → Releasesisto the circulation. destruction of RBCs: → → lifestan about 120 days" 1* Aged RBC, Removel by "Reticuloßadothel al cell,in liver restlee 2. soMe hemoslabir break duon to "bilrubin" ane secred i mine bil e 31 hemoglabin is larsay reey cled. * Most of iron is recycled one feramount are lost. + Cells for the immune system Granulacutes → BasoPhils * EosinoPhil Asrahulocites * Lympho estes * Monocytes * NeutroPhil * Mast cell, → characterized by the Presence ol. Granules in their cytoplasm ** * Granulo astes called also → + PolymorPh nuclear leukocytes * Poly Morph nuelear neutroPhils L Becatuse at the Jurying shapes of the nucleus. → Monocytes |→ " MonoMuelear leukocytes * The brgest type of leukocyte Macro Phales uy eloid linease dendatic cells. → LyMphocytes + Cells immune system and hell light infection. + live in lyuph nodes ane blood stream + Conte in two main tiles: Beells and r.cells @ few WBCs - → ledkoPenia . • many WBls → leuKocytosis . # Platelets. "throm bacytes" * very sonall + iresular shaled -cleut ecli + 2.3 MM diaMeta * derive ProM frasMentation l Meakayocates. + tife sPan just (5. 9 days) + leading to the Posmation al blood clots. * low Platelet → Risk her bleeding L hish Platelet > Risk for thrombosis + alan Plutelet count → "thrombocytoPenia" * many Platelet court → "thrombattesis" - disease of Pletelet "thrombo cytoPathy" * decreuse luneton al Phteet > "thrombasthenia" + Complete Bload Count (CBC) , → + RBC, - > (f) 4- 5-5 (м) 4.8 - 6.5 * Hematocrit * WBC, > 4000 - 12000 U.) 36-0 → 46 90 - neutroPhils ~ bo. 65 % (S 40 - 52 0% = uPhecytes ~ 30- 3504 - RDw → 11. 5_ 15 c 1 Nanocytes ~ 4. 6 % -+ MCY → 8. →100 * LosinaPhils ~ 1 2% + MEH → 26-34 * BaloPhils ~ 0 - 1 % -+ MCHc → 31-37 * Platelet → 250,000 - → 400,000 + hemoglobin - → (E) 12.0 → 15.6 1+ 8 1) 13,0 → 18, 0 # * CBC with differential diasnosis. Blood cell Court 1 * Neutrophils increased Ex lYmphocytes inexenged deerensed Diabrosis balterial lection Rate viral Section * viral infection a chronic herphecytie leukienin -= HIN infection N 3* monocytes inereased 4 * Eosinophil 5 142 ineseusel a Bueterial infection OT.B Omalaria o Maracute lukemi a = relakemia = • Drug ASfeeting Hematalogic funetion, → Drus Clinial use Hematologic effect - aminosalicyclic acid Antituberculin - leukoastosis - Oral ContracePtive Bath control - bleeding fuetors utexine bleeding disorders and bleeding Tendeney - Phenytoin • Anemia - isoniazid - Antseizures - Ariayrythemias * Ant: tuberculin • NeutroPenia NoR steroidal ant brenators + Anti nflemmately • inhibition of *ano) gesia -anT. PueTic Platelets Puretion. # Maragement. l Hematologic Disorders:→ * + Anemia: → • not a speelic assase but a sign of an underlying disorder. xia, khich the henagabin concentrationis lover than normul ANN i ABCS buer tur narmal. * He amount of 0e delivered to body tissue is alia daminghed → Causes: → 1_ loss of RBCI " because bleeding" 2. Decrease production of RBC, becauser→ * Adeficieney i A Colactors + He bone matron is suAlte ssee + lack of erythropoietin (chronic Kena d 3- increase destruction al RBC. becausers = hyPersplesism = over actre Reticulo endothelial → Clinical manifestation 2→ + Caused by the bodys resPorse to hupoxia # wild (Hb → 10-14) no SYuPtons or minós changes * Mulerate (Hb→ 6- 10) cv changes * sever (Hb→ <6) multiple body system. + severity of AneMia I» Body orstem → Integument wild maderete Severe nove + Paller, jaundice Practue* none → Eyes none + sclera , barred vission None Mouth neve none - Glossitis + smasth tengue → CardaVascular Palestations PalPitations 1 Tuchscardia * angina »MI → Pulmonary Stern Oxeen DysPinen *TachyPneu + desPren at rest none none a Leadache + dePression → GI Rave none → Musculosketal neve none + Bone Pain = Goneral none li Patigue le sensitivity to cold sweat less ARen ia Ison deficieng anemia APlastiC Anemía Megalobbastic Hendlytic anemia Алеміа Vitamin B 12 deliciends folate del cieney 1_ iron delicioncy anemia: → * The most type of anemia commonly. → Caurosu 1 Inadequate intake of iron seen with vesetarian diete. * the most comoon cause bleedings". * in PromenoPausal women IneBorrhagia". + Presnoncs with inadetuate iron supplementation. + Patient with chronic alcoholism. * Iron mal-absos pation. 9 → clinical manifestation: "centred" @ general, → - fatique @ skin: → acoldness - Dizziness a Yelovica • Fainting "seror" @ ResPitary, a shostness of breathe 6 Blood vessels salm BA @ musculox → e weakness 8 Hearts - PalPitations Dintestrel → chanse starl Color • ralid heart rate @ sPleen → Enlargement - chest Pain tsaver" " Heart attact sexer* # → AssessMent and dialsrostic hindiness • The most definitive mellad is " bore marron asPiration" → Aftex the iron stores is del leted (low serum Ferrit.n), the Hb level falls. → the divinished isan stres cause small RBC. → deereuse MCV → Hematact and RBC, lovels is low related to decrense H6 level. → Medical ManageMent. 1 several oral iron Prepurations (- ferrous Sullate nd ferous glucorate) 2:1 aral iran i Poorly absorpee, we can administer IM x IV of "Iran dextran' • + small test dose should be administered to avoid anaphylaxis - ePinephine should be close at hands if these no sings of allergic have occured after 130 Minutes. We can administer dose al iron. → Nursing ManaSement. › 10 1- increase intake el feed rich in iron . 2. take source of vitamin c with meal. 3. encourase the futient to continue iron KeraPy. 4_ advised to tike supplement an hour before meals. 5.- if there is gustric distress, take the supplement with meals. 6- Antalids os diary Produets shouldnt take with iron. 2 Rose the mouth with Gate and Practice Sood aral hysiene. 8. Patient shauld be: lesmed turt iron calor the stoal dork greener blok. 9. intramuecular infection cause local Pain and stair the skin.

Anemia Notes: Hematology

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