Nervous Reflex Summaries

NERVOUS REFLEX SUMMARIES Reflexis areflex response that doesthat notoccurs changeautomatically to stimuli thatwithout occur outside theeffort. will, orThis in other words a is a response conscious stimulus iswhich an organism's reaction tonervous environmental changes bothainside and outsidetothethe organism involves the central system in providing bridge (response) stimulus. Thesimple nerve pathways that playarcaconsists role in carrying out reflex activity areneurons, known as reflex arcs.In terms, the reflex of receptor organs, afferent effector neurons andaseffector organs. Anthat example is the sensors patellarinreflex. In theofmuscles there are intrafusal fibers receptor organs can receive the form muscle stretch, then theThe afferent neurons will axon travelwill to the spinalsynapse cord viawith thethe posterior ganglion of the spinal cord. afferent neuron's directly lower motor neuron to transmit impulses and contractthethereflex muscle through extrafusal fibers to prevent overstretching of the muscle. However, arc does not only receive stretch responses, sensorybyresponses of skin, aponeurosis, bones, fascia, etc. Reflector movementsforcanexample be performed all laryngeal muscles Physiological reflexes are reflexes foundexaminations, in normal people. Physiological reflex examination isfatigue, an integral part of other neurological and is mainly carried out in cases of difficulty walking, weakness/paralysis, tingling, limb muscle pain, limb muscle trophic disorders, back/waist pain, impaired autonomic function. Interpretation of physiological reflex examinations notassessing only determines theirof physiological presence/absence but also their level. The criteria for the results reflex examination are as follows: Table 1. Tendon Reflex Assessment Scale Tendon Reflex Grading Scale Grades Description 0 Absent +/1+ Hypoactive ++/2+ "Normal" +++/3+ Hyperactive without clonus ++++/4+ Hyperactive with clonus Aresponse reflex is increases said to increase if the area of stimulation expands and themust reflexive movement from normal conditions. The stimulation given be fast andthedirect, the severity of the stimulation must not exceed the limit so that it actually injures patient. The nature of theshould reaction after stimulation depends on muscle tone sobethat the muscle being examined be in a state of slight contraction, and if it is to compared with the contralateral side, the position of both must be symmetrical. There arethat many types ofused physiological reflexes, but inthese thisreflexes. article weIndescribe several reflexes are often or frequently tested on this article, there arein2 categories of physiological reflexes that will be explained, namely: physiological reflexes babies and physiological reflexes in general or in adults. Types of Physiological Reflexes in General a. Biceps Reflex: Position : Performed with the patient sitting, bydegrees allowingatthe arm to rest inthethepatient to patient's lap, or at an angle of slightly more than 90 the elbow. Ask flex at thewillelbow whilefeelthelikeexaminer observes and palpates the antecubital fossa. The tendon look and a thick rope. Method Tapping whichjoint. is placed on the biceps brachii tendon, the position of: the arm isthehalfexaminer's tapped atfinger the elbow Response : Flexion of the arm at the elbow joint b. Triceps reflex Position : Performed with atheright patient sitting. Slowly pullortheThearm out from the hang patient's body, so that it forms angle at the shoulder. forearm should down directly at the elbow Method : Tapping on the triceps muscle tendon, flexed arm position at the elbow joint and slightly pronated Response : Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint c. Brachioradialis reflex Position : Canposition be doneassitting. The forearm (almost the same the biceps reflex). should rest loosely in the patient's lap Method : Tapping on the tendon ofcm theproximal brachioradialis muscleThe(Tendon across (thumb side of the forearm) the fingers about 10 to the wrist. position of the arm is flexed at the elbow joint and slightly pronated. Response : Flexion of the forearm, supination of the elbow and hand d. Patellar reflex Position : Can be done sitting or lying on your back Method : Tapping of the patellar tendon Response : Extension of the lower leg due to contraction of the quadriceps femoris m e. Achilles reflex Position : Theoverpatient sits with back with his leg the other leg. his legs hanging over the edge of the table or lies on his Method : Hammer tapping on the Achilles tendon Response : Plantar flexion of the foot due to contraction of the gastroenemius muscle f. Reflex Withdrawal The withdrawal reflex is a reflex thatus.hasWhen the function ofthreatening protecting the body when therewillis a stimulus that can threaten or harm there is a stimulus, the body subconsciously immediately avoid the stimulus. Position waytable to test is with the patient sitting, placing the patient's hands: One on the withthethewithdrawal elbows inreflex an extended position. Method patient's focus stimulus with a: Shift steriletheneedle on the arm.so that it is not focused on the arm, then provide a Response : In the form of flexion of the arm away from the given stimulus.