Courses : Forest Ecology Lecturer :Frischa Adellia Semester : 4thSemester, 2022/2023 Session Metabolic Engineering Metabolic engineering is a field of science that is concerned with the manipulation or modification of metabolic pathways in organisms, be they microbes, plants, or animals, with the aim of producing desired compounds or improving the properties of the organism. The goal of metabolic engineering is to alter the natural production of metabolites in an organism, or even introduce new metabolic pathways, by manipulating the genes involved in metabolic pathways. Metabolic engineering techniques involve approaches such as genetic manipulation, computer modeling, and optimization of organism growth conditions. Researchers use knowledge of metabolic pathways and genetic regulation to design organisms capable of producing compounds useful in a variety of fields, including pharmaceuticals, industry, agriculture and energy. Examples of metabolic engineering include the creation of microbes capable of producing certain drugs, the development of plant varieties that are more resistant to extreme environmental conditions, or the production of biofuels from photosynthetic organisms. As technology continues to develop in this field, metabolic engineering has the potential to have a major impact in creating more efficient, environmentally friendly and innovative products in the future. The main goal of metabolic engineering is to create organisms capable of producing compounds that are commercially useful or in a specific application context. Some specific goals of metabolic engineering include: 1. Production enhancement: Increasing the production of a desired metabolite in an organism, such as a drug, industrial chemical, or biofuel. 2. Product diversification: Creating organisms capable of producing various types of new metabolites or variations of existing metabolites. 3. Optimization of organism traits: Changing an organism to increase tolerance to different environmental conditions, increase growth, or reduce life cycle time. 4. Product purification: Modifying metabolic pathways to produce products with higher purity or reduced contamination. 5. Sustainable raw material production: Developing organisms capable of producing chemicals or energy from renewable resources, such as biomass or CO2. 6. Health and well-being: Improving human health and well-being through the production of more effective medicines or more nutritious food. 7. Sustainable agriculture: Increasing agricultural yields and reducing the use of pesticides or synthetic fertilizers by developing crops that are more resistant to pests, disease, or extreme environmental conditions. By achieving these goals, metabolic engineering is expected to make major contributions in a variety of fields, from medicine and pharmaceuticals to agriculture, energy and the environment. In conclusion, metabolic engineering is a field of science that aims to manipulate metabolic pathways in living organisms with the aim of producing useful compounds or improving the properties of the organism. The main goals of metabolic engineering include increasing the production of desired metabolites, product diversification, optimization of organism traits, product purification, sustainable production of raw materials, human health and welfare, and sustainable agriculture. With the continued development of technology in this field, metabolic engineering has great potential to have a significant impact on various aspects of life, from making more effective medicines to increasing agricultural yields and developing renewable energy. In the context of technology development and innovation, metabolic engineering plays an important role in creating solutions to today's global challenges.