Integration Thinking And Praxis In Slovenia

Integration Thinking And Praxis In Slovenia Presented by: Dr. Lazarević Date: 14 January 2022 Overview - Definition of ethnicity and territory - Minimalistic concept - Political and economic integration in 19. century - Yugoslav experience - Independent Slovenia/integration into EU General Remarks - Slovene concepts of integration as a concept of Slovene national question • (integration within ethnic community and within the state) - How to overcome fragmentation and low relative political weight of Slovenes? - Geo-political framework: • In Habsburg monarchy Slovenes lived in 6 historical regions, living in ethnically mixed regions (as minority, except Carniola) • - In 20th Century divided into 4 states Concept of united cultural space from1970s - to unite the ethnic territory on a cultural level, regardless of state borders. Definition Of Ethnicity And Territory (National Awakening/Creation Of Modern Nation) - Idea od distinct ethnic group not new (period of reformation) - Reform in period of enlighten (during the reign of Maria Theresia and Josef II) - Vasilij Melik: "it was necessary to decide which language the compulsory schools, the new offices and the courts should use" - Unifying linguistic practice for the purposes of education, promulgation of laws, and implementation of administrative practices Starting points - The publication of the Slovene grammar (Marko Pohlin) in 1768 is considered the beginning of the national movement. - German-Slovene dictionary in 1789 (Ožbalt Gutsman), - Anton Tomaž Linhart in 1791 first history of Slovenes (Attempt at a History of Carniola and Other South Slavic Lands in Austria). - Between the river Drava and the Adriatic Sea he - saw a single ethnic group, whom he did not yet call Slovenes. - "the history of a people whose language, culture and history unite it into a distinct whole, different from other peoples" Slovene language and Slovenia - Slovene ethnic territory gradually unified culturally, through linguistic regulation and Slovenian press - From the beginning of the 19th century, the term Slovene language was increasingly used in public and recognized - Slovene nation as a community that expresses itself in a common language and has a common cultural essence - pattern of later nationalism - Peter Kozler - Map of Slovenian lands - 1851 - The term Slovenia first written in press in 1844 Concept of United Slovenia (internal integration) - 1848 clear demands for political and administrative autonomy - New administrative unit: United Slovenia - Habsburg monarchy as a federation of nations - United Slovenia vs. geopolitical reality of Habsburg monarchy (historical regions, ethnic mixed structure) - United Slovenia as political concept up to the end of Habsburg monarchy Political and economic integration in 19. Century - Driving form nationalism - Ethnic nationalism (nationalization of population, national movement/political parties) - Economic nationalism (economic organizations on ethnic basis - cooperativism) - Yugoslav idea/Concept of autoclaves - trialism (how to increase a relative political weight of Slovenes) - Ideas of pan Slavism (not widespread) Yugoslav experience - Yugoslavia as a state which should stimulate in protect the economic, social, political and cultural development of Slovenia (formalized as administrative unit) - Strong opposition to any kind of unification from the very beginning, opposition to centralism (demands for regional autonomy in interwar period) - In 1945 Socialist republic of Slovenia formed (semi statehood) within the reorganization of communist Yugoslavia along ethnic lines. - Decentralization in 1970s - Strong opposition to any idea of centralization in 1980s (deep economic crisis) - Yugoslav idea as a space for preserving and strengthening Slovene identity was considered to be in danger in 1980s Independent Slovenia/integration into EU-1990s - The concepts of statehood/independence, conceived as a solution to the "national question" - The political and economic transformation of the communist system into a parliamentary political model and a market economy - Statehood of Slovenia and at the integration of the ethnic territory through its incorporation into the European Union. - The state borders were no longer an obstacle to the integration of the Slovene territory. European Union - EU as community of equal nations, a safeguard in globalized world. - The accession to European Union was made with the expectation that the European framework can protect and promote the national development of each member. - This is a long-term prism through which Slovenes have judged their position in the past. Conclusion - United Slovenia formed the basis of national ideology throughout the 19th century demand entity that would unite the entire territory inhabited by Slovenes - Towards the end of the century, the idea of United Slovenia was combined with the idea of Yugoslavism (trialism) - The 20th century was marked by the idea of Yugoslavism as a space for preserving and strengthening Slovene identity - Integration into EU seen as an implementation of the „United Slovenia"