Artificial Intelligence From Indonesia Interest In Multidisciplinary Approach Presented by: Firdausi Firdaus, SH, LLM, PHD CANDIDATE (ICT LAW) Date: June 2, 2022 Why All Of Multidisciplinary Approach In AI Is Needed? - Can Al help us to find real meaningful happiness? rather than artificial happiness, money solely can't buy happiness after all. - Linnet (Gal Gadot in death on the Nile)"When You Have Money, No one Is Ever Really your friend." The Challenge From Ai - In Indonesia culture who respect, acknowledge religion to have big role in our life style. - The development of technology which increasing human to be more logical and rely more on their 5senses is a challenge for human to accept and believe on what cannot be understand by logic and cannot be reached by five senses. - Thus, Improvements in Al which resulted become integral part of human life’s (e.g. transportation, health, education, justice, news and entertainment, and commerce) present new threats to social values and constitutional rights if the Law, regulation, policy is not drafted carefully and wisely. AI Risks (Responsible AI & National Ai Strategies Eu Commission, Dr. Anand S. Rao) Artificial Intelligence Risks: 1. Performance Risks 2. Security Risks 3. Societal Risks 4. Economic Risks 5. Control Risks 6. Ethical Risks AI Regulation In Indonesia Strength Weakness Availability of legal umbrella for ethics, There is no regulatory instrument which utilization and development of Al which regulate ethics and development policies and based on Pancasila and the 1945 the use of artificial intelligence in Indonesia. Constitution (not yet) Strong government motivation for the use of There is no supervisory institution which domestic innovation production throughsupervise and control development and use TKDN regulations and appeals to love of intelligence artificial in society. (not yet) Domestic products in the community Not enough/adequate law and regulations which regulate Problems with Data and Sharing Infrastructure which can be used by public and open to the community for research needs and Innovation development. Al standards? Challenges In Regulating AI 1. Algorithm 2. Accountability 3. Fairness, Transparency 4. Data Issues (Security, Personal Data Protection, Quality, Accessibility) 5. Security, Crimes, Misuse 6. Balancing Human rights interest and national interest/public safety interest The Malicious Use Of AI If lack of the development of adequate defense persist, the progress in Al will: 1. Expand existing threats (e.g. the more dangerous version of spear phishing attacks) 2. Introduce new threats (e.g. the next level of misinformation→ deepfake, more deadly virus like "Stuxnet") 3. Alter the typical character of threats, e.g.: a. Attack to be more effective, greater frequency, and at a larger scale, b. Finely targeted attacks spear phishing, drone swarms attack, c. Anonymity attack autonomous weapons attack, d. Al system which become corrupted because of the attack 4. Digital Security: a. Automation of Social Engineering Attacks b. Automation of vulnerability discovery c. More Sophisticated automation of hacking d. Human like denial of service e. Automation of service tasks in criminal cyber-offense f. Prioritizing targets for cyber-attacks using machine learning g. Exploiting Al used in applications, especially in information security h. Black-box model extraction of proprietary Al system capabilities What Needs To Be Done In Legal Matter? 1. Amendment of Indonesia Constitution (UUD 45) by adding privacy rights, personal data protection rights, and digital rights 2. Personal Data Protection Law in Indonesia needs to become reality not ongoin discussion 3. Comprehensive Cybersecurity Law 4. Comprehensive Al and other Laws which accommodate emerging technologies. 5. The implementing of RIA to every law and regulations in Indonesia from national state law (UU, PERPRES, etc.) until local gov law (e.g. PERDA, etc.) 6. Ratified the Cairo declaration of the organization of Islamic cooperation in human rights What Kind Of AI Law And Regulation In Indonesia Is Needed? - The Law that aim more for justice rather than merely legal certainty and formality. - Law and regulation which protect the citizen rights but not become an obstacle of innovation (e.g. IP Law which accommodate Al development and other emerging technologist) - Law and regulation which protect human rights including privacy rights, personal data protection rights and the emerging digital rights - Law and regulation which promote FDI but not sacrificing other Indonesia interest - Law and regulation that will preserve Indonesian culture which define Indonesia identity - Law and regulation which focus on decreasing inequality and promoting inclusivity - Law and regulation which continue to protect the practice of religion in proportional AI Ethics, Law & Regulation Stakeholders In Indonesia  Data Scientists/Developers  Tech Community  IT Companies (Business)  Users (Human rights & Privacy right)  Civil Society  Academics (Universities)  Government  Religious and Cultural Community-Organization Another Method To Mitigate The Negative Impact Caused By AI - Al Impact Assessment (is needed to measure and mitigate the threats and ris (transparency, privacy, autonomy, cyber security et cetera) caused by using Al by considering many factors in particular ethical and legal aspect) - Regulatory Impact Assessment (Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) is a systemic approach to critically assessing the positive and negative effects of proposed and existing regulations and non-regulatory alternatives) - Transparency by Design (practical guidance in helping promote the beneficial functions of transparency while mitigating its challenges in automated-decision making (ADM) environments) - Al Governance (The implementation of Al ethics into practice in the institution or organization) Ai Impact Assessment (AIIA) An Artificial Intelligence Impact Assessment (hereafter: AIIA or Impact Assessment) is a structured method to: 1. Map the (public) benefits of an Al application. 2. Analyze the reliability, safety and transparency of Al applications. 3. Identify values and interests that are concerned by the deployment of Al. 4. Identify and limit risks of the deployment of Al. 5. Account for the choices that have been made in the weighting of values and interests.